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I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Quantity Surveying (QS) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on A Survey of Cost Estimating Practices of Construction Contractors provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Cost estimating is a key activity in quantity surveying profession and in contractor's organisation. The research work is to investigate into current cost estimation practices of contractors in Akwa Ibom state. The objectives were to identify the techniques used in cost estimating by the construction contractors, identify the causes of inaccuracy in construction contractors cost estimates and determine cost estimating risks influencing construction project estimates. Relevant literature on current cost estimating practices of construction contractors were reviewed and an exploratory field survey was undertaken to examine the objectives of the study.
A total of 159 questionnaires were distributed to construction contractors, of which 127 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a 81.41% response rate. The data obtained from field survey was analysed using mean item score. The study shows that group decision making, expert judgment and reserve analysis are the most frequently used technique of construction cost estimating employed by contractor.
The major causes of inaccuracy in cost estimating are unforeseen change in prices of materials, Lack of experience on similar project and instability of market condition. The result also shows that the major risk factors in construction cost estimating include variations in labour productivity data, estimator's deficiency and error in design and specification. The study recommends that construction contractors and estimators should ensure that a frequent market survey are done for material and labour before estimating is done.
1.1 Introduction
… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …
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