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An Assessment of Distribution System Reliability of PHCN

An Assessment of Distribution System Reliability of PHCN

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “An Assessment of Distribution System Reliability of PHCN” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Electrical / Electronics Engineering (EE) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on An Assessment of Distribution System Reliability of PHCN provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1: Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
3.1: Research methodology
3.2: Sampling of techniques
3.3: Source of data
3.4: Validation of instruments
3.5: Techniques of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1: Case study Aba distribution Network
  • Table 1: Monthly peak load and number of consumers on Aba network.
  • Table 4.2: Summary of fault data for Aba network (2006)
  • Table 4.3: Summary of fault data for Aba network (2007)
  • Table 4.4: Summary of fault data for Aba network (2008)
4.1.1: Computation of fault intervals/mean
4.1.2: Computation of variance
  • Table 4.5: table of values for F(x-x)2
4.1.3: computation of Expected frequency
4.1.4: Computation of chi-square
  • Table 4.6: Fault intervals, observed frequencies calculated or expected frequencies, mean, variances and calculated chi-square for Aba network
4.2: Computations of reliability indices operating in hour:
4.2.1: Failure rate for months in hours
4.2.2: System reliability for months
4.2.3: failure distribution functions for the system:
4.2.4: Life time cumulative distribution function (CDF) operating in hours
4.2.5: Life probability distribution function (PDF)
  • Reliability R(t) operation time in hours.
  • Table 4.7: Reliability indices for Aba
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1: Discussion
5.2: Summary
REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

In the recent past various attempts have been made to improve the adequacy of power supply and reliability of the supply network. This project work focuses on the reliability of the distribution system of PHCN with Aba distribution network as case study, using daily fault report data for three years viz: 2006, 2007, and 2008.

The Poisson distribution and the chi-square were used to determine the appropriateness of the observed data collected. In other words, the chi-square was used to asses the goodness of fit of the Poisson distribution hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.

Lastly, the project work estimates the reliability indices of failure rate R(t), system reliability R(t), failure density function F(t) and system interruption frequency index.


An Assessment of Distribution System Reliability of PHCN (A Case Study of Aba District)

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Distribution networks differ from transmission networks in quite a number of ways, ranging from voltage magnitude to the number of branches and sources. The number of branches and source is mush higher in distribution networks and the voltage magnitude lower. Its general structure of make up is quite different from that of the transmission networks.

A typical distribution system consist of a step- down transformer e.g. 132/11kv, at a bulk supply point feeding a number of cables. In a series of step-down three-phase transformers e.g. 11kv/415v, are spaced in route and from these, the consumers are supplied three-phase, four wire networks which gives 240V single phase to houses and other similar loads.

The objective of power system is to maintain a continuous and adequate power supply to its consumers at a reasonable rate of return. In Nigeria, this objective is far fetched. Hence, there is the need to focus our attention on reliability as a way of assessing and improving the “wire business” as well as optimizing our investment in the distribution network.

It has been observed that a major part of service interruptions experienced by consumers has its origin in failure from the distribution system (mostly 33kv and below in Nigeria, with radial arrangement and the distribution system reliability studies have been hindered due to the unavailability of component outage on the distribution system.

Thus, the need to maintain a reliable and effective electrical service to consumers using the available apparatus on the system is very important and necessary.

In this project, the assessment of distribution system reliability can be facilitated using Poisson model, with PHCN Aba as case study.

1.2 Definition of Terms

1.2.1: Reliability:

Can be define as the ability of an item/equipment/system to perform a required function under a stated condition for sated period of time.

1.2.2 Failure Rate:

This is the number of faults or failure per unit time and symbolized by ?.

1.2.3: Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF):

This is the mean value of the length of time that elapses between failures.

1.3: Causes of Faults:

Faults could be caused by the following;

  1. Lightning strokes
  2. Strong swind
  3. Tree falling across
  4. Vehicles collision with tower/poles of consumers
  5. Erosion of tower/poles foundation
  6. Vandalization
  7. Illegal operation of consumers
…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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In preparation for defending a project or seminar on An Assessment of Distribution System Reliability of PHCN, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

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