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Biochemical Evaluation of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana)

Biochemical Evaluation of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana)

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Biochemical Evaluation of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana)” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Industrial Chemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Biochemical Evaluation of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana) provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction 1
  • 1.1 Background information 1
  • 1.2 Statement of the problem 3
  • 1.3 Objective of the problem 3
  • 1.4 Justification of the study 4
  • 1.5 Aim and Scope of the study 4

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature review 6
  • 2.1 Botanical Description 6
  • 2.2 How to make avocado leaves tea for kidney cleansing 12
  • 2.3 Phytochemistry 13
  • 2.4 Pharmacological Activity 16
  • 2.4.1 Vascorelaxant Activity 16
  • 2.4.2 Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity 17
  • 2.4.3 Hypotensive activity 18
  • 2.4.4 Anti convulsant effect 19
  • 2.4.5 Anti-viral activity 20
  • 2.4.6 Wound healing activity 20
  • 2.4.7 Antiulcer effect 21
  • 2.4.8 Antihepatotoxic activity 22
  • 2.4.9 Antioxidant activity 23
  • 2.4.10 Hypoglycemic activity 23
  • 2.4.11 Effect on Body weight 24

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Collection of sample 25
  • 3.1 Determination of moisture content 27
  • 3.2 Ash content 28
  • 3.3 Determination of crude protein content 29
  • 3.4 Estimation of crude fibre content 33
  • 3.5 Carbohydrate estimation 35
  • 3.6 Caloric Value estimation 36
  • 3.7 Determination of total vitamin 36
  • 3.8 Vitamin C 37
  • 3.9 Estimation of Vitamin A 38
  • 3.10 Determination of total Oxalate 39
  • 3.11 Estimation of Tannin 41
  • 3.12 Determination of hydrocyanic Acid 42
  • 3.12 Determination of Phytic acid 43

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Result and discussion 46
  • 4.1 Carbohydrate 47
  • 4.2 Protein 48
  • 4.3 Ash 49
  • 4.4 Fibre 49
  • 4.5 Calories content 50
  • 4.6 Lipid content 50
  • 4.7 Moisture content 51
  • 4.8 Total vitamin 52
  • 4.8.1 Vitamin A 52
  • 4.8.2 Vitamin C 53
  • 4.9 Anti-nutrient 54
  • 4.9.1 Oxalate 55
  • 4.9.2 Phytic acid 56
  • 4.9.3 Tannin 56
  • 4.9.4 Hydrocyanic acid 57
  • 4.10 Removal of anti-nutritional factor 57
  • Conclusion 58
  • Recommendation 60

REFERENCES

61

ABSTRACT

Chemical evaluation of Avocado Pear leaves. During the process of my research temperature for drying the sample was not high to avoid protein denature temperature between 50oc and 60oc was used. The proximate analysis which include the carbohydrate determination was 69. 65%, SD ± 0.01, the protein was 14.00%, SD ± 0.01, the crude fat was 7.3%, SD ± 0.02,the crude fibre was 3.7%, SD ± 0.04 The ash content was 5.26% ± 50 0.01, the moisture content was 59.84%, SD ± 0.02 and the caloric value was 401.11kcal. SD ± 00.1. The anti-nutrients determination includes; the hydrocyanide (HCN), which was 104.17mg/100g, SD ± 0.01, the phytate with 30.40mg/100g SD ± 0.01 The oxalate with 158.40mg/100g, SD ± 0.01, and the tannins with 1361.19mg/100g, SD ± 0.02. And also, the antioxidant vitamins determination which includes; the vitamin A and C. The Vitamin A determination was found to be 70.00mg/100g, SD ± 0.01, and vitamin C determination was reported as 832.72mg/100g, SD ± 0.01.


Biochemical Evaluation of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana)

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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