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Design and Implementation of Drug Procurement System

Design and Implementation of Drug Procurement System

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Design and Implementation of Drug Procurement System” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Computer Science (CS) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Design and Implementation of Drug Procurement System provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

    • 3.1 Methodology Adopted
    • 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
    • 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
    • 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
    • 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
    • 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
    • 3.3 Feasibility Study
    • 3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
    • 3.3.2 Technical Feasibility
    • 3.3.3 Operational Feasibility
    • 3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System
    • 3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
    • 3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
    • 3.4.3 Justification of the Proposed System
    • 3.5 Functional Requirements
    • 3.5.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
    • 3.6 Data Requirements
    • 3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System

    CHAPTER FOUR

    SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

    • 4.1 Objectives of the Design
    • 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
    • 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
    • 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
    • 4.4 System Specification and Design
    • 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
    • 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
    • 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
    • 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
    • 4.6 Program Documentation
    • 4.7 Implementation Techniques
    • 4.7.1 System Testing
    • 4.8 Programming Module Specification
    • 4.8.1 Installation
    • 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
    • 4.10 Software Requirement
    • 4.11 Personnel / User Training
    • 4.12 File Maintenance Module

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”

    APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”


    Design and Implementation of Drug Procurement System

    CHAPTER ONE

    Introduction

    1.1 Background Of Study

    Computerization is defined as the control of processes by computers and its peripherals. Today it would be difficult to think of any process, business or action that could not have profited from the numerous benefits of the computer system. Controlling process or devices with computer started long ago since the invention of computer. In the 20th century inventors tried to make processes easier with the use of computers. Secondly computerization has been greatly applied or used in controlling process that requires frequent action such as drug procurement, drug management, drug tracking and drug distributions in hospital management information system in pharmacy departments of hospitals.

    This project which is drug procurement and distribution tracking system provides a computer based information management system in a Pharmacy Department of the University of Nigerian Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu by designing a cost effective, user friendly application, incorporating key attributes of data integrity and system security suitable for use in the pharmacy department of the hospital using Microsoft Access software in developing the database and visual basic as the

    programming language. The overall aim of this project is to optimize time and material in the processing of data needed for effective operation of large pharmacy department of a hospital. By this approach, data integrity, data redundancy, and consistency will be ensured.

    Drugs are the chemical substances that are administered to patients for curative purposes and prophylaxis. It can also be known as a medicine, because it is the essential part of peoples care.

    The ability of the computer to store and retrieve information at a very fast and efficient rate makes its application useful in management operations. Drug management involves drug procurement, drug distribution, drug tracking and its information management. Drug distribution is concerned with distribution of drugs within the different medical units or departments in a hospital, while drug procurement is concerned with the purchasing activities of the drugs by the pharmacy department of the hospital. In the same vein, drug tracking is concern with the continuous monitoring of the actual quantity of drugs held in the hospital pharmacy or any other drug warehouse /store. It also controls the stock level.

    Pharmaceutical unit in a hospital is concerned with drug management activities. They carry out the responsibility of making appropriate selection and drugs used by formulating an annual, monthly, weekly or daily list of drugs requirement and

    management reports. However, in some hospitals today, some pharmacists still use the manual system of operation which can lead to inappropriate drug management errors due to problems of handling voluminous file within a short period of time. This could make data to be easily inaccessible and also delivery of drugs can lead to misplacement of patients’ files.

    1.2 Statement Of Problem

    Drug procurement, tracking, distribution and information management in this regard are routine processes carried out in various hospitals across Nigeria. It is a common place to observe that these routine processes are still preformed manually or are minimally computerized even in our Teaching Hospitals. This manual approach to these routine operations has a lot of problems associated with it, ranging from poor handling of drug data of patients, lack of good storage information system for drugs and drug dispensary, delays, to the difficulty in retrieving information on drugs and patients’ records. In view of all these problems, it becomes necessary to develop a computer based drug information management system and distribution tracking system. This is what this research project is set to address by computerizing the routine processes in our hospitals and in particular that of Pharmacy Department of UNTH Enugu.

    1.3 Objectives Of The Study

    The aim of this research project is to design and implement a computerized drug information management system, drug procurement and distribution tracking system. This includes:

    1. To order for drugs without mistake of procuring more than required.
    2. To take good stock of drugs.
    3. To prevent dispensary of expired drugs
    4. To ensure accurate keeping of records of drugs

    1.4 Significance Of The Study

    The benefits derivable from this work include the following:

    1. It will provide reliable healthcare services.
    2. It will guarantee hospital management and patients of genuine and safe drugs.
    3. It will ensure an efficient and standard drug dispensary system.
    4. It will provide a data base for stock taking of drugs procured and dispensed any moment.

    1.5 Scope Of The Study

    This research work will cover only the Pharmaceutical Department of the University of Nigerian Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu. It will present an up to date and comprehensive design of the following:

    1. Planning and control system which includes inventory control and drug distribution
    2. Drug procurement procedure in a hospital.
    3. The expiry status of each drugs at any point in time
    4. The Database of all kinds, types and names of some drugs that would be store and operate on.

    1.6 Assumption

    It is assumed that all the information gathered with the respect to inventory control is correct as implemented by the university of Nigerian teaching hospital (UNTH) Enugu.

    1.7 Limitations Of The Study

    1. Time constraint; There is limited time go and meet the hospital pharmacist for proper information.
    2. Due to the sensitive nature of organizational information, there was reluctance to release vital information which may jeopardize the security of the organization.

    1.8 Project Report Organization

    This research project covers almost all you need to know about drug procurement and distribution tracking system.

    1. Chapter one is the introduction and it covers the statement of problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, assumption, limitations of the study and definition of terms.
    2. Chapter two is the literature review; it gives the detailed meaning of every associated word in my topic.
    3. Chapter three is the design and methodology; this involves the operation of the existing system and the method used.
    4. Chapter four is the system analysis and implementation; which talked about the operation of the proposed system.
    5. Chapter five is the summary, recommendation and conclusion.

    1.9 Definition Of Terms

    Database:

    A collection of logically related data to meet the information need of organization.

    DBMS:

    Database Management Software that enable the user to define, maintain Control the database.

    Application Program:

    A computer program that interacts with the database.

    MENU:

    This is a list of options presented on the screen with each option identified by short code followed by longer description of its purposes.

    Drug:

    It is referred to as a medicine or chemical substances that are administered to Patients for curative measures.

    Pharmacy:

    A placed in a hospital where medicine or chemical substances are kept, stored and prepared.

    Flowchart:

    A diagram that shows connection between the different stages of process of the system.

    Primary Key:

    The candidate key that is selected to identify the individual within the relation

    Foreign Key:

    An attribute or a set of attributes within one relation that matches the candidate key

    Relation:

    A relation is a named table with columns and rows

    Attribute:

    An attributes is a named column of a relation

    Domain:

    A set of allowable values for one or more table

    Null:

    It represents a value for an attribute that is currently unknown or not applicable

    Database design:

    The process of creating a design that will support emprise mission statement and mission required database e system.

    Software:

    These are program for computer which allows certain specific task to be accomplished e.g. word process etc.

    Hardware:

    Computer equipment used to perform input processing and system output activates.

    Management information system:

    Collection of people, database, and devices produced to use in providing routine information to manager and decision makers of the organization.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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    Defense Procedure for Computer Science Researchers

    In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Design and Implementation of Drug Procurement System, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

    Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

    Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

    During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.

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