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Design and Implementation of Electronic Diagnosis System

Design and Implementation of Electronic Diagnosis System

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-5724-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "Design and Implementation of Electronic Diagnosis System" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Computer Science (CS), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.


Design and Implementation of Electronic Diagnosis System

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Background of Study
  • 1.3 Statement of Problem
  • 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
  • 1.5 Significance of Study
  • 1.6 Scope of Study
  • 1.7 Limitations of the Study
  • 1.8 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Expert Systems
  • 2.2.1 History of Expert Systems
  • 2.2.2 Advantages of Expert Systems
  • 2.2.3 Disadvantages of Expert Systems
  • 2.3 Drug Interaction
  • 2.3.1 Drug Interaction Prevention
  • 2.4 Drug Adverse Effect
  • 2.5 Clinical Trials
  • 2.6 Phases of Clinical Trials
  • 2.7 Computer in Medicine
  • 2.8 Applications of Experts System in Diagnosing Of Disease
  • 2.8.1 Malaria Diagnostic Tests
  • 2.8.1.1 Technique of Malaria Diagnostic Tests
  • 2.8.1.2 Advantages of Malaria Diagnostic Tests
  • 2.8.1.3 Disadvantages of Malaria Diagnostic Tests
  • 2.8.2 Malaria - Diagnosis and Treatment

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

  • 3.1 Methodology Adopted
  • 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
  • 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
  • 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
  • 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
  • 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
  • 3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
  • 3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
  • 3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
  • 3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
  • 3.4 Functional Requirements
  • 3.4.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
  • 3.5 Data Requirements
  • 3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

  • 4.1 Objectives of the Design
  • 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
  • 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
  • 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
  • 4.4 System Specification and Design
  • 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
  • 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
  • 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
  • 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
  • 4.6 Program Documentation
  • 4.7 Implementation Techniques
  • 4.8 Programming Module Specification
  • 4.8.1 Installation
  • 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
  • 4.10 Software Requirement
  • 4.11 Personnel / User Training

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”

APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”

ABSTRACT

Diagnosis system deals with the registration of patient information, doctor’s information and report, collection of diseases and infected syndrome, and diagnosis of these diseases. The aim of the study is to Design and Implement an Electronic Diagnosis System for diagnosing non-communicable diseases. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to design and develop a diagnostic software that will ascertain whether the diseases could be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms, aid clinicians in diagnostic procedures and offer prescription of medication, and enable flexibility in access to information through the World Wide Web or comprehensive knowledge bases. The motivation that led to the development of the proposed system is that; file and record about patients are not properly kept, Drugs prescription is hardly ever done with the right age of the patient in mind, Error are easily made and hardly detected and information is not well maintained in the existing system. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. This system when completed and implemented it will help provide enough information about non-communicable diagnosis. This project will be beneficial to individuals such as doctors, pharmacist and drug prescribers by providing accurate and complete information about each drug or medicine best suit for malaria treatment.


Design and Implementation of Electronic Diagnosis System

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Diagnosis system deals with the registration of patient information, doctor’s information and report, collection of diseases and infected syndrome, and diagnosis of these diseases. Computerized system poses high speed of processing precision, storage, its versatility and high retrieval system makes possible the completion of tasks that could never been achieved with manual system because of the difficulty of completing them on time for the results to be useful. The computer is an important tool that plays a good role in the analysis of any subject that is to be programmed. Before a computer can be successfully programmed and utilized, it must be studied properly. Hence, “computer Science” which is the study of computer and its programming is mainly about the design and analysis, modeling and application of computer related system.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.


1.2 Background of Study

Expert system play an indomitable role in various disciplines and the assistance it renders to man cannot be overemphasized. The development of experts system that capture skills and expertise of a human expert has not been easy and date back to the Second World War, where experts of computer tried relentlessly to develop technique or systems that would allow act more intelligently than human. But recently, experts system have proven their value by aiding for example, medical professionals in diagnosing diseases and scheduling task as well mechanics in trouble shooting locomotive problems and configuring complex computer hardware.

The uses of expert system on medical diagnosis of malaria include the interest of the research because of some spectacular activities it accomplished and to bring the awareness of the software to the doorstep of the readers and other medical and paramedical personnel’s.

The software helps the junior doctors accompanied by a nurse in answering the calls of some patients with tedious problems. This also helps the doctors generating some wise questions from a patient, based on the problems confronting him in order to get rid of some outstanding irregularities. Some potentialities built-in which serve as a watch dog patients on the sick beds. It helps in alerting a medical practitioner on call of imminent dangers against a patient and alleviates nurses the task of engaging themselves routine visits. In like manner, developing one of such system to represent the repository of the knowledge of a medical doctor is as essential as any other expert system. To this end, this project, Expert System on the Diagnosis of non-communicable diseases is a necessity.


1.3 Statement of Problem

Investigation by this study reveals the following challenges of the existing Electronic Diagnosis System:

  1. File and record about patients are not properly kept.
  2. Drugs prescription is hardly ever done with the right age of the patient in mind.
  3. Error are easily made and hardly detected.
  4. Information is not well maintained.

Disease diagnosis and treatment constitute the major work of physicians. Some of the time, diagnosis is wrongly done leading to error in drug prescription and further complications in the patient’s health. It has also been noticed that much time is spent in physical examination and interview of patients before treatment commences. The clinical decision support system (CDSS) shall address these problems by effectively providing quality diagnosis in real-time


1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to Design and Implement an Electronic Diagnosis System for diagnosing non-communicable diseases. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop a diagnostic software that will:

  1. Ascertain whether the diseases could be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms.
  2. Aid clinicians in diagnostic procedures and offer prescription of medication.
  3. Enable flexibility in access to information through the World Wide Web or comprehensive knowledge bases.
  4. Examine a patient based on simple clinical signs, and to improve family and community health.

1.5 Significance of Study

The significance of expert systems in the diagnosis of malaria are too numerous to mention but a few has been listed out below;

  1. It takes a long time to train medical experts to know the symptoms of malaria and be able to give out the right drugs but with the proposed new system, only what is needed is the skills of operating the new system which requires entering patients information and their symptoms into the system and in turn the system brings out the type of malaria and the drugs to combat it.
  2. Consistent solution: Computers do not suffer some of the weaknesses of humans, such as getting tired or ill and they are more easily access than human experts. More time to evaluate decision result: Advice is obtained from the experts system quickly, leaving more time to weigh the possible result before action is taken.
  3. Human expert development is a continuous exercise but an expert system is built only once and updated continuously with new technologies.
  4. It will help to retain the skill of an expert medical doctor in case of any eventuality and can be useful in many hospitals, both private and government, cases where the expert is not on seat;

1.6 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Design and Implementation of an Electronic Diagnosis System for diagnosing non-communicable diseases in Nigeria.


1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
  3. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
  4. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
  5. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.8 Definition of Terms

  • Management: It is the co-ordination of all the resources of an Organization through the process of planning, Organization, directing and controlling
  • System: Physical component of a computer that is used to perform certain task.
  • Data: Numbers, Text or image which is in the form suitable for Storage in or processing by a computer, or incomplete information.
  • Information: A meaning full material derived from computer data by organizing it and interpreting it in a specified way.
  • Input: Data entered into a computer for storage or processing.
  • Output: Information produced from a computer after processing.
  • Information System: A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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