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Ecofriendly Synthesis of Metformin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Polymers and Synthesised Starch as Stabilizing Agents

Ecofriendly Synthesis of Metformin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Polymers and Synthesised Starch as Stabilizing Agents

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Ecofriendly Synthesis of Metformin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Polymers and Synthesised Starch as Stabilizing Agents” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology / Science for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Ecofriendly Synthesis of Metformin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Polymers and Synthesised Starch as Stabilizing Agents provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




ABSTRACT

Metformin loaded silver nanoparticles were synthesized using ecofriendly method with extract of Azadiractha indica as reducing agent and two natural polymers; guar gum and xanthan gum, Sodium alginate, and a semi- synthetic polymer (AMS) as stabilizing agents. Twelve batches of nanoparticles were synthesized. Nanocomposites synthesized from AMS were designated as AMS 1% NANOmet, AMS3% NANOmet and AMS5% NANOmet. Guar gum stabilized nanoparticles were designated as GG1% NANOmet, GG3% NANOmet and GG5% NANOmet while Xanthan gum nanocomposites were coded as XG1% NANOmet, XG3% NANOmet and XG5% NANOmet respectively. Sodium alginate stabilized nanocomposites were designated as NaALG1% NANOmet, NaALG3% NANOmet and NaALG5% NANOmet respectively.

The percentage yield of nanocomposites was high with values ranging from 80 % to 99.87 %. The entrapment efficiencies of the samples ranged from 63.06 % to 80.22 % while the loading capacities were in the range of 7.24 % to 24.10%. Differential scanning calorimetry showed there was no interaction between the polymers and metformin. Characterization of the metformin nanocomposites using UV- v is spectroscopy, zeta sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polydispersity were performed. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed surface plasmon resonance of 371nm for all the nanocomposites except XG5%NANOmet which had SPR of 335nm.

The mean particle size of GG1%NANOmet was ideal with a value of 188.7nm followed by AMS1%NANOmet (386.7nm). All the batches showed extended and sustained release profile with initial burst effect at the first 30 min of release studies. Release of metformin in SIF was predominantly higher than in SGF. The kinetics of release was mainly zero order for all the nanocomposites with the exception of NaALG5% NANOmet which released the drug by higuchi kinetics. Antimicrobial property of the optimized nanocomposites were similar (P>0.05). Generally, MIC values of the samples against the microorganisms tested ranged from 2500- 5000µg/ml.

In vivo anti hyperglycemic property of the optimized metformin nanocomposite using glucose hyperload model results showed GG5%NANOmet as the optimum batch. At equal doses it produced sustained and consistent significant (p



Ecofriendly Synthesis of Metformin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Polymers and Synthesised Starch as Stabilizing Agents


1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

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Defense Procedure for Pharmaceutical Technology (Science) Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Ecofriendly Synthesis of Metformin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Polymers and Synthesised Starch as Stabilizing Agents, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


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