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Effect of Four Mode Application Techniques on Achievement, Retention and Multiple Intelligences of Students with Different Learning Styles in Biology

Effect of Four Mode Application Techniques on Achievement, Retention and Multiple Intelligences of Students with Different Learning Styles in Biology

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Effect of Four Mode Application Techniques on Achievement, Retention and Multiple Intelligences of Students with Different Learning Styles in Biology” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Education for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Effect of Four Mode Application Techniques on Achievement, Retention and Multiple Intelligences of Students with Different Learning Styles in Biology provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Conceptual Review
    • 2.3 Theoretical Framework
    • ⋮
    • 2.4 Empirical Studies
    • 2.5 Research Gaps
    • 2.6 Summary of Literature Review

    CHAPTER THREE

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Research Design
    • 3.3 Population of Study
    • 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
    • 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
    • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
    • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
    • 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
    • 3.9 Ethical Consideration
    • 3.10 Statistical Analysis

    CHAPTER FOUR

    DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
    • 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
    • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
    • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary of Findings
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation
    • 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”


    ABSTRACT

    This study investigated the effect of Four Mode Application Techniques (4MAT) on achievement, retention and multiple intelligences of students with different learning styles. To guide the study, nine research questions were posed and nine hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05% probability level. Quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study, specifically the non-equivalent control group design. The study was carried out in Abakaliki Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. A sample size of one hundred and thirty nine (139) SSII Biology students were used for the study. This sample was drawn using purposive sampling technique. Two groups of students were used for this study, they are experimental and control groups.

    The experimental group were taught using 4MAT and the control group was taught using the conventional lecture method. The treatment lasted for six weeks. Three instruments were used for data collection in this study namely: Biology Achievement Test (BAT), Multiple Intelligence Inventory (MII) Students and Teacher Interview Schedule (STIS). The same test (BAT) was used as pretest, posttest, and retention test. At each stage after the pretest, the items were reshuffled. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant.

    The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant main effect for instructional methods on mean achievement score of students in biology F(7, 138) = 11.500, p<.000, there was a statistically significant main effect for instructional methods on mean retention score of students in biology F(7, 138) = 43.160, p<.000, there was a statistically significant main effect for instructional methods on Multiple Intelligence (MI) score of students in biology F(7, 138) = 39.986, p<.000. Also, there was no significant main influence of gender on students achievement in biology F(1, 138) = .433, p>.512.

    There was no significant main influence of gender on students retention in biology F(1, 138) = .831, p>.364, there was a statistical significant main influence of gender on students multiple intelligences in biology F(1, 138) = 4.184, p<.043, there was no statistical significant main interaction effect of method and gender on mean achievement score of students in biology F(7, 138) = 1.826, p>.088, there was no statistical significant main interaction effect of methods and gender on mean retention score of students in biology F(7, 138) = .996, p<.437, and there was a statistical significant main interaction effect of method and gender on MI score of students in biology F(7, 138) = 2.473, p<.021. In line with the findings of the study, the educational implications of the findings were highlighted and the recommendations were equally proffered among others that science teachers.


    Effect of Four Mode Application Techniques on Achievement, Retention and Multiple Intelligences of Students with Different Learning Styles in Biology

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    … As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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