1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
When we talk about decision making, we have to bear certain things in mind. Decision making is the role a leader, some leaders do not allow subordinates to decision (Authoritarian leader). Some leader go to the extent of allowing the subordinate to make decisions or major decision yet some other leaders create opportunities for their subordinate to join in decision making (democratic leader. Each of the above leadership styles has an implications or effect in organizational performance.
The focus of this study is on the democratic leadership style which allows subordinates participation in decision making. And the aim is to discover their effects of such participation on productivity, using Deutary oil Servicing company as a case study. Advancement in the study of management with emphasis on the humanistic approach has strengthened the urge to discover and to know more about the individual interest on the organization and how it contributed to the achievement of organizational goals. Concept like “Participation” when relate to performance has attracted the attention of researchers, management practitioners, physiologists and sociological who devoted their time, money and human researchers in trying to discover the relationship between participation in decision making and production performance.
Participation is the mental, physical and emotional involvement of person in group situation that encourages them to make their own contribution towards the achievement of goals, and sharing of responsibility. Davis (1983) says that the right kind of participation yields with motivational and knowledge valuable for enterprise success. Workers participate in issues concerning them, and their environment, it boosts their moral feeling of recognition and finally motivates them to increase their performance, Mire (1952). This study seeks to make additional contributions to the impact of the employee participations on decision making of productivity performance, and also to identify the different motivational impact at the different level of participation.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Some of the concept of participation involved from the field of human relation. It has been misunderstood by many organizations.
Participation therefore is the act of one taking part in something that affect him or her directly or in a special way of delegation on which the subordinates again control and freedom of choice with respect to his or her responsibility. Unfortunately, the extent to when participation of employee in decision making is allowed by most managers that has been minimal.
The problem is that some managers adopt leadership style that does not permit the participation of their employees in decision making. Consequently, such employees are denied the opportunity to contribute their own ideas or provide useful information that can lead to sound decision making. Employees are likely to support a course of action in which they took part on making them other wise, none participation of employee in decision making is counter production on the seer that their moral will below, on the other hand, employee participation in decision making will increase their moral which in turn increase their productivity. The assumption by some managers that employees will divulge official secret it allowed to participate in decision making which many see reasonable in principle.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The study attempts to achieve the following objectives;
- To determine the impact of democratic leadership stke an employee's performance.
- To determine the impact of democratic leadership style on employees morale.
- To find out how authoritarian leadership style affects employee performance.
- To discover how laissez fair leadership style affects employee performance.
1.4 Research Questions
This research seek to know the different levels participation and motivational impact of different levels of participation.
The following research questions will be post to guide the study;
- Does democratic leadership style affect employee performance?
- Does autocratic leadership style affect employee performance?
- Does laissez for leadership style affect performance?
1.5 Significance of Study
The finding of this would be very useful to all employee participation forms; it will also be good to note that from finding do this study employee will make decisive decision. Pertaining the mode of operation, employee services and the general relations to the public which employees on improved good and confidence.
The finding of this will also guide the management of Deutary Oil Services Company in formulating appropriate personal policies, the research will also lead to increase employee performance in Deutary Oil Services Company and their companies, this study is aimed to implement the various programmes as well as performance.
1.6 Scope / Delimitation of the Study
The study is aimed at investigation the employee participation in decision making and its impact on employee productivity by an organization to their environment it is narrowed down to the activities of Deutary Oil Services Company as a case study. This study goes further in bringing into focus some of the problem associated with their impact on employee productivity by an organization to its environment.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
This research employee will be restricted only to a particular Oil servicing company (Deutary) in Rivers State. Academic exercise traditionally suffers some limitation and constraints.
This project failed to live above this tradition one of the constraints encountered was lack of related materials (book) on the topic from most of the libraries I went to.
Also I could not obtain the appropriate information needed from Deutary because I was not given free access by the security men. Another constraint was on the questionnaire, the respondents could not complete them as required. I did not use oral interviews, because people did not disclose information needed. Because of the fear of what it will be used for.
1.8 Definition Terms
Participation:
In this research work, participation is defined as a special way of delegation in when the subordinate gains greater control, greater freedom of choice with respect to his/her responsibility. It could be defined as the act of one partaking in something that affects him or her directly.
Decision Making:
This is defined as an action consciously taken or chosen from available alternatives for the purpose of achieving a desired result.
Productivity:
This is the rate where by a worker, a company or a country produce good and the amount compared with how much time work and money is needed to produce them.
Employee:
These are people employed to work in an organization.
Effect:
It means the result of a thing or another.
Impact:
This means the effect of one thing or another.
Leadership Style:
This is authority or behaviour of a leader when performing his/her administrator function of planning, organizing, directing and controlling decision making in a form.
Democratic Leadership Style:
This is the ability to conduct or allows subordinates to participate in the process of decision making.
Autocratic Leadership Style:
This is the process whereby, the leader unilateral decision (makes decision alone) and imposes them on subordinate to implement what he dose not trust any other person capacity.
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