| Search for Project and Seminar Topics | Post Advertisement Items for Promotion |
Evaluation of Pharmacognosticparameters and Hepatotoxic Effects of Extractsof Cassytha Filiformis Linn on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Disorders in Wister RatsProject / Seminar Material Reference ID: PS-409-TM |
DEDICATION
This research work titled "Evaluation of Pharmacognosticparameters and Hepatotoxic Effects of Extractsof Cassytha Filiformis Linn on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Disorders in Wister Rats" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Pharmaceutical Technology / Science, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research work for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background …
- …
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- …
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- …
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- …
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
iii
ABSTRACT
Trace metals detected in C. filiformis such as Fe (165.4279 ppm), Mn (14.4093 ppm) and Ni (2.7933 ppm) which are essential were higher than FAO/WHO (1984) permissible limit for edible plants. While others:Pb (0.0568 ppm) Zn (0.1094 ppm), Cd (0.0103 ppm) and Cu (0.0535 ppm) were found to be within the safety limit. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant signifies the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids Phytochemical constituents identified in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. filiformis include 3,3,O-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, catechin, chalcone compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside or isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, kaemferol 3 rutinoside and 2-{cyclohex-2-en-1-yl(hydroxyl)methyl}-3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl- oxoprolinate while that of methanol fraction include 3,3,O-di-O-methyl etllagic acid, methy2-{cyclohex-2-ene-1-y(hydroxyl)methyl}-3hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxoprolinate, kaemferol 3 rutinoside, rutin and cathechinas revealed by the library search on LC-MS/MS. Other compounds β-sitosterol and stigmasterol wereisolated from petroleum ether extracts.The petroleum ether extract (500 mgkg-1) and methanol (500 and 1000 mgkg-1) exhibited hepatoprotection properties on wistar albino rats. These results could serve as bases for the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the prevention of liver disorders.
iv
Evaluation of Pharmacognosticparameters and Hepatotoxic Effects of Extractsof Cassytha Filiformis Linn on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Disorders in Wister Rats
CHAPTER ONE
The role of plants in the treatment of disease is exemplified by their employment in all the major systems of medicine irrespective of the underlying philosophical premise. As example, we have the western medicine with origin in Mesopotamia and Egypt, the Unani (Islamic) and the Ayurvedic (Hindu) system and in Western Asia and the Indian subcontinent and those of the Orient (China, Japan, Tibetetc.). There is a great wealth of knowledge concerning the medicinal,narcotic and other properties of plants that is still transmitted orally from generation to generation by tribal societies, particularly those of the tropical Africa, North and South America and the Pacific countries (Evans, 2009). These are areas containing the world's greatest number of plant species, not found elsewhere, and with the westernization of so many of the people of these zones there is pressing need to record local knowledge before it is lost forever. In addition, with the extermination of plant species progressing at an alarming rate in certain regions, even before plant have been botanically recorded, much less studied chemically and pharmacologically, the need arises for increased efforts directed towards the conservation of gene pools (Evans, 2009).
Since plant taxa are defined by their morphology (more specifically on the morphology of the flowering parts), identification techniques have relied almost entirely on physical examination of the specimen. However, drying and powdering alters or destroys diagnostic features and the plant parts traded in commerce may not include the parts necessary for establishing botanical identity. Classical description in compendia reflect this approach with physical descriptions that include appearance, color, order, and fracture.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …
