1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
For some years now, cellular telephony systems have been experiencing a level of unprecedented growth in the world of telecommunications. When the first cellular technologies were brought into service, at the beginning of the 1980s, there was a rather slow take-off in the number of subscribers, hardly presaging the subsequent spectacular growth [1, 2]. The slow take-off of subscribers was however a result of incompatibility between the systems, and major differences in the use of the radio segment [2, 3].
Unfortunately, travelers who go to countries where the technology offered by their operator is not represented find themselves suddenly deprived of their communication tool because the subscriber management is not at all the same on the different systems [1, 2, 4, 5]. It was therefore imperative to have a unified standard which will address these issues and this led to the evolution of the first generation analogue system and then to fourth generation system referred to as the long term evolution system (LTE). The different evolutions of the cellular network have their respective frequency of operation, modulation scheme, protocol of operation, access mode technology, and physical architecture, but one common feature is the signaling standard.
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