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Pharmacological Assessment of Lupinus Arboreus Sims (Fabaceae) Methanol Extract and Three Active Constituents for Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Pharmacological Assessment of Lupinus Arboreus Sims (Fabaceae) Methanol Extract and Three Active Constituents for Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

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This research material, titled “Pharmacological Assessment of Lupinus Arboreus Sims (Fabaceae) Methanol Extract and Three Active Constituents for Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology / Science for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Pharmacological Assessment of Lupinus Arboreus Sims (Fabaceae) Methanol Extract and Three Active Constituents for Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



ABSTRACT

The methanol extract and chemical constituents of Lupinus arboreus leaf were investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. The study was by experimental design. The extract was partitioned to yield hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol fractions. Phytochemical tests were done on the extract and fractions. Acute toxicity test (LD50) was carried out on crude methanol leaf extract (CME). Extract hexane fraction (HEF), ethylacetate fraction (EAF) and methanol fraction (MEF) were subjected to bioactivity guided fractionation using mice tail immersion, hot plate, acetic acid- induced tests and formaldehyde- and, egg albumin-induced rat paw oedema, as activity guide for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory studies respectively. The active constituents were isolated by bioactivity-guided silica gel column chromatography eluted with gradient mixtures. The isolated active compounds were characterized using a combination of phytochemical analysis, m.p. determination, UV, IR, NMR and GC/MS spectral analyses.

The intraperitoneal (i.p) LD50 of the crude methanol extract was 84.85 mg/kg. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract indicated the presence of steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes and saponins. Tannin, resin, reducing sugar and protein were moderately present. The hexane fraction contained steroids and terpenes while ethylacetate fraction contained flavonoids and glycosides. Two active compounds AHF1 and AHF2 were obtained from the hexane fraction while AEF1 was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction. The AHF1 contained steroids. while AHF2 contained terpenes; AEF1 contained flavonoids.

The crude methanol extract (CME) (30 and 60 mg/kg,) i.p produced dose-related resistance against thermal pain and significant (p 0.05). The oedema inhibition recorded by HEF and EAF were higher than the inhibition by aspirin (100 mg/kg).

The CME (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited formaldehyde- induced arthritis, in a dose-related, manner over a period of 4 hours (p


Pharmacological Assessment of Lupinus Arboreus Sims (Fabaceae) Methanol Extract and Three Active Constituents for Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

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