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The Design and Fabrication of a Commercial Grinding Mill

The Design and Fabrication of a Commercial Grinding Mill

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “The Design and Fabrication of a Commercial Grinding Mill” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Mechanical Engineering for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on The Design and Fabrication of a Commercial Grinding Mill provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Background of the study
  • 1.2 Statement of the problem
  • 1.3 The Purpose of the study
  • 1.4 Significance of the study
  • 1.5 Classification of the grinding mill
  • 1.6 Application of the grinding mill
  • 1.7 Advantages of the grinding mill

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature review
  • 2.1 Method of production
  • 2.2 Importance of the grinding mill
  • 2.3 Types of grinding machine
  • 2.4 Features of grinding machine
  • 2.5 History and development of grinding machine
  • 2.6 Uses of the grinding mill

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 General description of the component material
  • 3.1 Methodology
  • 3.2 Component of the commercial grinding machine
  • 3.3 Method of fabrication

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 The working principle of the grinding mill
  • 4.1 The velocity ratio of the pulleys
  • 4.2 The designing and construction of the grinding mill machine
  • 4.3 Permanent welding of joints
  • 4.4 The painting operation
  • 4.5 The welding operation
  • 4.6 Precautionary measures observed when constructing the machine

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary, conclusion and recommendation
  • 5.0 Summary of the study
  • 5.1 Conclusion
  • 5.2 Recommendations

REFERENCES



ABSTRACT

This project is about the design and fabrication of the commercial grinding mill machine. To improve or develop a local technology in processing industry. History and journals on how the concept of commercial grinding mill started, modern technologies used in manufacturing process.

Also, during the course of this project, a working principle was analyzed to ensure a smooth operation of the machine and proper selection of the materials used. In carrying out this project, care was taken on the design concept to meet the required specification.

Calculations were done to determine the required efficiency of the machine. The component for fabricating the machines is the spark ignition engine, the grinder, the belt system & the framework. Testing was carried out to ensure a complete quality control and assurance which can be affordable in any domestic commercial and industrial requirement.



The Design and Fabrication of a Commercial Grinding Mill


1.0 Introduction

This work is made to reduce the stress and increase in price that is associated with the use of manual method of grinding either in domestic, commercial or industrial grinding which requires a lot of man power. With fast growing technological advancement, this invention is primarily geared towards minimizing the use of manpower and stress in grinding, this new invention is made in a way that it will give a good and perfect grinding, also to make the work quick and at the same time phase out the use of manual grinding method. This new invention of a grinding gives a perfect work efficiency than the manual method i.e. manpower type.

1.1 Background of the Study

Nigeria is a country where good policies are made but actualization of these well designed policies have remained a dream particularly in the area of science, technology and engineering research. However, some government agencies in the science and technology sector, some private engineering firms and some good engineers and technologists are working towards the area of industrial self-sufficiency.

The ever increasing level of unemployment and the resultant need to provide youths with saleable skills that could make them enterprising and self-reliant economically justifies the introduction of technological and vocational education into the new Nigerian Educational system.

Technological and vocational education enable youths to obtain practical based training in a wide range of technical course, trades and occupations, so that on completion, they can either take up paid employment in any establishment or start their own business and employ others. It is worthy to note that from the primitive era to the contemporary time, man has always been confronted with the need for well-designed tools and machines that will make his life comfortable and more convenient.

According to Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) (1991), the processing machines or equipment are the equipment used for processing harvested food crops into forms that they could be readily consumed, sold or stored for future cultivation. This study is based on observation by experts for increase in production output, then the need for a production machine should be incorporated into grinding of grains, cereals, etc.


1.2 Statement of the Problem

One of the goal of engineering technology is to give training and impact the necessary skills to individual who shall be self-reliant economically. There are numerous evidences in research literature showing that most product of mechanical engineering programmes in Nigeria are not proficient technically, especially in the area of design and construction (Udofia, 2002; Unanaowo, 2005).

The absence of cheap and potable machine for grinding account for persistent use of the manual or hand method for grinding materials, despite its attendant problems of much time consumption, high energy consumption and lower rate of productivity. Besides, it's laborious and enervating. Since the use of locally design and constructed machines can greatly reduce the hard and drudgery associated with grinding, increase productivity of processed material, improve the nation's economy as well as enable technical and mechanical student to acquire more skill in the area of design and construction.


1.3 Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of the study is to design and construct a simple, cheap and portable electrically operated machine for grinding. The study will specifically attempt to:

  1. Design a simple, cheap and portable machine for grinding materials.
  2. Develop a working drawing of the design machine.
  3. Construct the different part of the machine using metal pieces and other locally sourced materials
  4. Assemble the different part of the material together using such process as welding and the use of bolt, nut and screws.
  5. Test the machine to establish its functionality.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be of immense benefit to the processing industries, house wives, entrepreneurs, engineering students and educational researchers. The general public will also benefit from the result of the study as the cost of grounded materials in the market will be greatly reduced through the use of the machine.

Engineering student will also benefit from the result of this study as they will learn how to design and construct a commercial grinding mill machine and other similar machines. Entrepreneurs and processing research institutes will also find the product of this study very useful as they can use the prototype of the design machine for mass production.

Lastly, the result of this study when publish will provide literature on design and construction of commercial grinding mill machines for mechanical engineering researchers.


1.5 Classification of Grinding Mill

Basically, grinding mills are grouped into two categories such as;

  1. Domestic/commercial grinding mill
  2. Industrial grinding mill
  3. Domestic/Commercial Grinding Mill: E.g. Stone burr, Iron burr and hammer mills.
  4. Industrial Grinding Mill:E.g. Ball mill, rod mill Raymond mill etc

For the purposes of this study, only commercial grinding mill and its applications will be discussed.


1.6 Application of Commercial Mill


1. Stone Burr Mill:

The stone burr mill produces the finest flour possible and is ideal for fine milling or dry, non-oily grain like wheat, corn, rye, oath etc.

2. Iron Burr Mill:

Iron burr mill are use for fine or coarse grinding of dry grain as well as wider range of materials including substances with high oil content such as suya beans, castor oil seeds, coffee, and spices. Among others, Iron Burr Mill burst high production rate at moderate cost when “talcum fine” flour is not required.

3. Hammer Mill:

Hammer Mill offer extremely aggressive pulverizing product by rotary action of a hardened steel hammer strap rotating in a steel closure. Product escapes the mill only when it is small enough to pass through the holes in heavy duty steel screen, which are interchangeable and available with a range hole sizing.

Pleasant mill grain offer commercial grain mill and general grinding equipment for a wide range of grinding needs. Most dry materials can be grind with Stone Burr Mill and both dry, wet and oily materials can be grind with Iron Burr Mills. Application includes grinding of wheat, corn, soya beans, buck wheat, oath, hulls, masa harina, spices, coffee, oil seed, egg shells, bones, roots, hulling of sun flowers, walnut, etc.

All commercial mills are fully adjustable for texture, fine flour to mill texture or “cracked grain” and are suitable for human consumption or animal feed.


1.7 Advantage of Commercial Mill

  1. It is durable.
  2. It helps to reduce stress and makes improves speed rate of work
  3. It gives a good finish after grinding of the grain
  4. It is made of wear resistance alloy steel burrs for rapid and efficient grinding of wide range of dry or wet materials
  5. It can be used any where
  6. It can be used to grind wet or oily materials because of its non-porous burrs
  7. It is more reliable and stronger than the manual type of grinding mill
  8. The burr mill never require dressing and their alloy steel composition is long wearing.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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Defense Procedure for Mechanical Engineering Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on The Design and Fabrication of a Commercial Grinding Mill, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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