1.1 Introduction
Information technology as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware”. It deals with the use of electronic computer software to convert, store, protect process, transmits and securely retrieved information. Ngurukwem, (2005) observed that ICT is a convergence of technologies that include the computer and microprocessor technology, communication satellite technologies and networking technology.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Information and Communication Technology in recent years has created a great deal of opportunities to Professional Secretaries, considering the current rapidity in the growth and use of ICT, there is a reasonable prospect that Information and Communication Technology will drive all duties/ tasks of the Secretaries in every organization in the sense that in no distant time, every office work will done using one ICT equipment or the other and that implies that the service of a Secretary who has no expertise in using or operating the Information and Communication technologies will not be useful.
The science of computing has developed quickly and large, therefore, the researcher feels it is important to understand the problem associated with ICT applications on the secretary’s profession, recognizing the vital roles secretaries play in organizations. It has been observed that the term Information technology has been broaden explicitly to cover the field of electronic communication and therefore it is abbreviated as ICT (Information and Communication Technology), and it can also be referred to as IT and standing for Information Technology. Consequently, whether it is Information Technology or Information and Communication Technology, we are simply refereeing to one which preferably the researcher calls the Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Information and Communication Technologies has today virtually become synonymous with the computer. It is the technology that supports activities involving the storage, manipulation and communication of information, which has been integrated into one easy to use system of data processing, delivery and management (Muhammad, 2007).
However, there are some problems associated with the ICT which include; introduction of malicious code, acts of terrorism, system hardware and software failure and natural or environmental disaster, attacks on the system by external networks or hacker, users initiated issues either through error or malicious act, et cetera. Therefore, strategies have to be employed in order to prevent this danger for suitable development. There is no doubt that the Secretary remains the life-wire of any organization. Contributions and effectiveness of a secretary depends on how he/she can cope with the modern technologies. However, with the development of new technology, secretarial profession is becoming increasingly challenging and more sophisticated compared with the common traditional role of Secretaries.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the effect of ICT on the productivity and career prospects of secretaries.
1.3 Statement of Problems
The arrival of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has assisted Secretaries in no small measure in the effective and efficient performance of Secretarial duties. In today’s office, traditional job like filing, keyboarding reprography, treatment of incoming and outgoing mail and other clerical activities have now lent themselves to automation. Attention is now shifting from the usual traditional secretarial skill to a more modernized practice.
The central focus of this study is to examine the problems associated with Information and Communication Technology and its effects on Secretaries. However, the specific problems to ICT operation are fraudulent misuse, viruses, hackers, unauthorized users activity, unprotected downloaded files.
Again these advancements in communication technologies have led to the need for secretaries to reposition themselves in order to continue to be relevant in their performance of office functions as well as cope with the trend of technological changes in today’s modern offices.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the effect of ICT on the productivity and career prospects of secretaries in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were set out as follows to:
- Identify the effect of Information and Communication Technology on secretarial productivity.
- Examine the career prospects of ICT on Secretary’s performances
- Determine the nexus between the secretarial productivity and career prospects of secretaries.
1.5 Research Questions
The following questions will be addressed to examine the effect of ICT on the productivity and career prospects of secretaries in Nigeria:
- Does ICT have any positive impact on secretaries?
- Is there any relationship between the secretarial productivity and career prospects of secretaries?
- What is the effect of Information and Communication Technology on secretarial productivity?
- What are the career prospects of ICT on Secretary’s performances?
- What are the opportunities offered by ICT to Secretaries?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: There is no significant effect of Information and Communication Technology on productivity among secretaries
- H1: There is a significant effect of Information and Communication Technology on productivity among secretaries
Hypothesis Two
- H0: There is no significant impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Secretaries
- H1: There is a significant impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Secretaries
1.7 Significance of Study
This research work will be of great benefits to Secretaries, ICT end users and researchers. ICT end-users those who make use of the equipments or applications to help them in their work. They make use of ICT in their day-to-day activates in their homes and offices for the efficiency of the service. To the Secretaries, the study will enlighten them on the problems that are associated with ICT, review to them the effects of those problems on their works as they carry out their duties and how to avoid them.
This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.8 Scope of Study
The study focuses on the effect of ICT on the productivity and career prospects of secretaries in Nigeria.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.10 Definition of Terms
Secretary: A skill practitioner of the basic office who is employed as an administrative assistance to a superior officer.
Technological Advancement: This is a complex modern labour and cost cutting equipment that are now increasingly utilized in organizations.
Data: Its means facts or information.
Typewriter: It's a keyed writing machine
Computer: An electronic device used for storing and analyzing information fed into it, its also used for calculating.
Word Processor: It refers to the process by which an idea is translated into written communication. It also records typed words, diagrams etc and displays them on screen, where they can be corrected or changed and then automatically printed.
Computer: Electronic device which stores information on e.g. magnetic tape, analyzes it and produces information as required from data on tape.
Technology: Scientific study and use of mechanical arts and applied sciences e.g. engineering, application of this to practical tasks in industry.
Organization: A group of people who form a business in order to achieve a particular aim or goals.
Office: A room or building use for a particular purpose especially to provide information and services.
Office Manager: One in charge or controls of all office machines and equipment and also does the work of supervision, have knowledge and skills to perform office works without direct supervision.
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