1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The need for welfare scheme as a motivation tool on workers in public services cannot be over emphasized. Public as well as private enterprises tends to increase productivity in their work place and welfare scheme and packages have great influence as it can be used as one of the measure to motivate workers in public services.
Government provides services or facilities to their workers not only on humanitarian bases but also because of the pecuniary gain derivable from such services or facilities. However it is good for government to be genuinely interested in the welfare of his workers as anxiety, worries, family and financial crisis suffered by workers do adversely affect their performance.
It is therefore in government interest to assist in removing or reducing these problems and making the workers comfortable while at work. Welfare scheme to be provided by government must as much as possible reflect his good intension towards his workers rather than workers perceiving such services as a right or entitlement.
1.1 Profile of Nigeria Television Authority (Nta) Aba
Nigeria television authority was inaugurated in May 1977 although decree 24 of 1977 was promulgated in March 1977 having affected on April 1976 by that decree the Nigeria television authority became the only body empowered to undertake television broadcasting in Nigeria.
All existing state television were thereby taken over and incorporated into NTA. The authority was organized on six zones structure such that each zone consists of three (3) stations except for one which is made of four stations. The production centers exist in each state to contribute programme to the zonal output when all the installation have been completed, it should be possible for any one in Nigeria to receive any of the six zonal programme by choice.
In 1977 when the NTA was inaugurated, there were seven (7) stations with three (3) in their final stage or commissioning whilst the other states had non at all. By December 1979 there were scheduled televisions broadcast from every state capital in the country.
Organization
The decree established the NTA provides for one national board and six zonal boards. The national board has overall responsibilities for policy and standards and remains the corporate legal entity with the director general as chief executives, departmental director of engineering news, finance, programmes, legal and man power resources assisted him at headquarters. It the duty of the zone to ensure that programmes broadcast conforms to the national policies and standard of NTA. The production center which is the third tie with NTA does the actual making of programmes. It is headed by a general manager and staff strength in the oldest station number up to 500.
NTA - the largest TV network in Nigeria
The Nigeria television authority NTA is the largest TV network in Africa as well as one of the oldest and the most accomplished indigenous broadcast outfit in Nigeria. The authority was established on 1977 with the fusion of the first generation television station across the country into one autonomous organization.
The NTA has over the years, distinguished itself as a force in the field of television broadcast globally. Its quality programme has received numerous awards at international competitions and festivals.
1.2 Theoretical Frame Work
Having borne in mind the central point of this research that touches the impact of welfare scheme on the motivation of workers in public services. Some theory must come to mind some of these theories is that propounded by Douglas McGregor.
McGregor postulated two theories of motivation in (1957) in this book: The human side 0f enterprise in the perception of managers about the employees at work viz: theory X and theory Y he held that theory X represents the traditional assumption that workers cannot be trusted and they must be forced or threatened in order to get them to do their work.
He proposed theory Y to be adopted instead, as a better approach to handling workers in the organization that workers do not necessarily dislike work and are capable of controlling themselves at work if they are giving the conducive atmosphere (Desselee, 1988) in Ray Njoke (2007:197)
McGregor's theory Y brought to time that workers of public services does not necessarily dislike work if they are capable of controlling themselves at work if they are well motivated. In other words, if government provided a conducive atmosphere for their workers like provision of some welfare scheme like canteen facilities, transportation, health facilities etc it will motivate them to put more effort on their job for greater efficiency and effectiveness.
Thus, the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work will be as natural as play or rest if welfare scheme are satisfactory in public.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
In early days of corporation activities, government sees no need for welfare scheme. They do not tend to motivate their workers as there was no measurement on workers performance and motivation was far from serving as a means of increasing productivity.
Hence workers were responsible for the provision of all welfare they needed at this stage worker were not well remunerated and their welfare was not at the organization diary. Government went home with all the profits pretending to offer essential services while the workers bears the agony alone in case of loose and work condition at the work place.
The emerges of theories ushers in series of common research which developed schools of thought thereby giving management and trade union sense of belonging on the effect of welfare scheme on motivation of workers performance, but the case remains the provision and its implementation by the government and its administrators, partly, because on places where they are introduced, there are problems associated with its impact on the motivation of workers while in many other places they were ignored or worst still does not exist because they are not seen as a measure to increase productivity. Problems associated with the impact of welfare scheme on the motivation of workers have led to the failures of its administration or implementation.
These problems can be itemized here under:
- Lack of adequate provision of funds by the government which often led to the delay in the implementation of the welfare services to the workers.
- Inadequate motivational package such as
- provision of transportation to and from work to prevent lateness and absenteeism of workers in their duties
- Provision of good canteen services on the company as no person can work effectively without taking good meal and this will go a long way to ensure that workers does not loiter around in search of good eating area when they are supposed to be on duty.
- Non financial motivation packages which could come inform of wages, bonus, and company paid insurance.
- In view of the above stated problems, it therefore becomes necessary to make inquires, make discoveries and conclusion and ultimately recommended ways to solve the problem
1.4 Objectives of the Study
In pursuance of this research work, the following are the objectives of the study.
- To identify welfare scheme enjoyed by workers of NTA Aba
- To determine the extent to which the welfare scheme motivates workers in NTA Aba.
- To examine/ identify the problems associated with the implementation of welfare scheme in NTA Aba.
- To examine the relationship between welfare and workers performance.
- To find out the effect of finance to motivate as a welfare scheme
1.5 Research Questions
The following are the research questions
- To what extent does welfare scheme motivates the workers of NTA Aba?
- What are the welfare schemes employed by the workers of NTA Aba?
- Are there problems associated with the implementation of welfare scheme in NTA Aba?
- Is there any relationship between welfare scheme and workers performance?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
According to Aguwa (2005:27) there are two major types of hypothesis, these are null and the alternatives hypothesis. The null (HO) hypothesis states that negative aspect of what you want to prove while the alternative (HI) hypothesis states the assumed result in affirmative manner.
In other words, hypothesis is a preposition that states in a testable form and predict a particular relationship between two or more variables.
The two types of hypothesis used in this research are:
- HO: Welfare scheme does not motivate workers performance in NTA Aba
- HI: Welfare scheme motivates workers performance in NTA Aba.
- HO: There is no problem associated with the implementation of welfare scheme in NTA Aba
- HI: There is problem associated with the performance of welfare scheme in NTA Aba.
1.7 Significance of the Study
The administrators' government agencies machineries and academia have not helped on laying solid foundation for the formulation of adequate measures in implementation of welfare scheme as its measure tends not to motivate workers.
Local researchers in the areas have been more editorial than empirical, there finding are most times tailored towards justifying government in actions. Adequate efforts have not been made to quantitatively and qualitatively access the implementation of welfare scheme to motivate workers to increase productivity.
However these studies have failed to establish or addressed the problems associated with the provision as well as implementing welfare scheme towards motivation, all these tends to have created problems of choice in administration of different strategies in achieving the desired goals. This study is therefore set to use empirical data on Nigeria to model as well as predict possible measures for easy implementation. This study will be significant in this ways.
The findings will be of use in extending the body of existing knowledge
This would be of great benefit to different individuals, groups, policy makers, researchers, government and its agencies etc.
More so, future or further researchers would in no small measure find this a useful spring board from which they can lunch themselves into the field for more investigation.
1.8 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The coverage area of this study is Nigeria Television Authority (NTA) Aba in which the impact of welfare scheme on the motivation of workers is focused.
The choice of NTA is necessitated by the fact that it may not be very easy under prevailing economic conditions to study all the firms in the industry.
Furthermore, NTA is a premier and renewed company in Aba and is suitable for carrying out this research work. a lot of constraints exerted by such factors like time, finance, lack of material and the attitude of the respondents.
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