1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
The introduction of the internet in Nigeria in the mid-1990s marked the beginning of a new digital era (Akinfeleye, 2003). The rapid advancement of mobile technology, particularly with the introduction of affordable smartphones and broadband services, further accelerated the spread of new media. Today, Nigeria boasts one of the highest numbers of internet users in Africa, with social media platforms becoming a central aspect of youth culture (Ndukwe, 2015). Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok have transformed social interactions, enabling Nigerian youth to connect with peers, share ideas, and participate in global conversations (Castells, 2013). The influence of these platforms has extended beyond socialization, affecting political activism, education, and entrepreneurship. For instance, during the #EndSARS protests in 2020, Nigerian youth effectively used social media to mobilize support and raise awareness about police brutality (Ibrahim, 2021).
The advent of new media has revolutionized the way individuals communicate, interact, and engage with the world. New media, which encompasses digital technologies such as social networking sites, blogs, online streaming, and instant messaging, has become an integral part of modern social life (McQuail, 2010). Among Nigerian youth, the adoption of these digital platforms has significantly altered social behaviors, cultural expressions, and interpersonal relationships. The rapid expansion of the internet and mobile technology has provided young people with unprecedented access to information, entertainment, and global communities, making new media an essential aspect of their daily lives (Castells, 2013).
Historically, traditional media such as newspapers, radio, and television played a dominant role in shaping social norms and values. However, the rise of digital communication platforms has introduced a shift in how youth interact and consume information (Boyd, 2014). Social media applications like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok have facilitated instant communication, allowing Nigerian youth to form virtual communities that transcend physical and geographical limitations. These platforms provide opportunities for self-expression, activism, education, and networking, yet they also present challenges such as misinformation, cyberbullying, and social alienation (Livingstone, 2008).
Nigeria, as one of Africa's largest internet user bases, has witnessed a significant transformation in youth social behavior due to increased smartphone penetration and internet connectivity (Adegbola, 2020). Studies suggest that while new media fosters connectivity and social awareness, it also raises concerns about addiction, reduced face-to-face interactions, and exposure to harmful content (Ezeah et al., 2013). The increasing reliance on digital communication has sparked debates on its impact on real-life relationships, mental health, and cultural identity among Nigerian youth.
New media refers to digital communication technologies that enable interactive and real-time engagement, such as social media platforms, blogs, online forums, and streaming services (McQuail, 2010). Unlike traditional media, new media is characterized by its digital nature, accessibility, and participatory features, allowing users to generate and share content instantly. The increasing use of new media has transformed social interactions, communication patterns, and lifestyle choices among Nigerian youth. According to Castells (2013), the influence of new media on the social life of Nigerian youth has been profound, shaping their relationships, cultural values, and even their perception of reality. With the rise of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok, young people have developed new forms of communication that transcend geographical boundaries (Castells, 2013). Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of new media on the social lives of Nigerian youth by analyzing its benefits and potential negative consequences.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that the decline of face-to-face interactions among Nigerian youth. The excessive reliance on digital communication is reducing the depth of personal relationships and emotional connections, leading to a shift in social norms and values (Livingstone, 2008). Instead of engaging in meaningful real-life interactions, many young people are prioritizing virtual conversations, often leading to social isolation and weakened interpersonal skills.
Additionally, social media platforms are often flooded with unverified information, fake news, and misleading narratives that influence perceptions and decision-making (Ezeah et al., 2013). The absence of strict regulatory frameworks for content moderation is making young people vulnerable to manipulation, and cyber-related crimes.
Furthermore, many young individuals are spending excessive hours online, leading to distractions from academic, professional, and personal responsibilities (Adegbola, 2020). Studies indicate that prolonged screen time is linked to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, as social comparison and online validation become central to self-worth (Twenge & Campbell, 2018). It is against the backdrop that this study seeks to examine the influence of new media on the social lives of Nigerian youth by analyzing its benefits and potential negative consequences.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of this study is to examine the influence of new media on the social life of Nigerian youth. The specific objectives of this study are:
- To analyze how new media affects interpersonal relationships and face-to-face communication among Nigerian youth.
- To examine the role of social media in shaping the social behaviors and cultural values of young individuals.
- To assess the extent to which exposure to misinformation and harmful content influences decision-making and perceptions among Nigerian youth.
- To evaluate the impact of social media addiction on the mental health and productivity of young people.
- To investigate the prevalence and effects of cyberbullying and online harassment on Nigerian youth.
- To explore the potential benefits of new media in fostering youth empowerment, education, and civic engagement.
- To provide recommendations on responsible digital media usage to enhance positive social interactions and minimize risks.
1.4 Research Questions
Based on the stated objectives, this study seeks to answer the following research questions:
- How does new media affect interpersonal relationships and face-to-face communication among Nigerian youth?
- In what ways does social media shape the social behaviors and cultural values of young individuals in Nigeria?
- To what extent does exposure to misinformation and harmful content influence decision-making and perceptions among Nigerian youth?
- How does social media addiction impact the mental health and productivity of young people in Nigeria?
- What are the prevalence and effects of cyberbullying and online harassment on Nigerian youth?
- What are the potential benefits of new media in fostering youth empowerment, education, and civic engagement in Nigeria?
- What strategies can be implemented to promote responsible digital media usage and enhance positive social interactions while minimizing risks?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
Based on the stated objectives, the research study formulates the following hypotheses:
Hypothesis One
- H0: New media has no significant influence on the social life of Nigerian youth
- H1: New media has significant influence on the social life of Nigerian youth
Hypothesis Two
- H0: New media do not significantly affect interpersonal relationships and face-to-face communication among Nigerian youth
- H1: New media significantly affects interpersonal relationships and face-to-face communication among Nigerian youth
1.6 Significance of Study
The outcome of this research will help policymakers design regulations and initiatives that promote responsible media usage while mitigating the risks of misinformation, cyberbullying, and social media addiction. It will also benefit educators by highlighting the role of new media in learning and youth engagement, allowing for the integration of digital literacy programs into educational curricula.
Furthermore, parents and guardians will gain a better understanding of how new media influences their children's social behavior, enabling them to guide and monitor digital interactions effectively. Social media companies and content creators will benefit from insights on how to create safer and more constructive online spaces for young users.
Lastly, this study will serve as a foundation for fostering responsible media consumption among Nigerian youth, ensuring that they harness the opportunities of digital platforms while minimizing the negative consequences on their social lives.
1.7 Scope of Study
This study focuses on the influence of new media on the social life of Nigerian youth, with a specific emphasis on youth in Lagos State. The study will examine how social media, online communication platforms, and digital content affect interpersonal relationships, cultural values, mental health, and behavioral patterns among youth in the state. It will also assess the role of new media in shaping youth engagement in education, civic activities, and personal development.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
This study was limited by several factors that affected the depth and scope of data collection and analysis.
- One of the major constraints was insufficient data, as some respondents were unwilling to provide detailed information about their social media usage and its effects on their personal lives.
- The study was also affected by delays from respondents, as some participants took longer than expected to complete questionnaires or provide feedback.
- Financial constraints were another limitation, as the cost of reaching a larger and more diverse sample of Nigerian youth was high.
- Additionally, time constraints restricted the ability to conduct more in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, which would have provided richer qualitative insights.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Social Life:
Social life is the way individuals interact, communicate, and build relationships within their communities and networks (Giddens, 2009). For Nigerian youth, social life includes both online and offline interactions, influenced by digital engagement, virtual communities, and cultural trends shaped by new media.
Youth:
Youth generally refers to individuals between the ages of 15 and 35, as defined by the National Youth Policy of Nigeria (Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development, 2019). This group is particularly active on new media platforms, where they engage in education, entertainment, activism, and social networking.
Digital Communication:
Digital communication is the exchange of information through electronic devices and internet-based platforms (Castells, 2011). It includes texting, video calls, social media interactions, and online forums, all of which shape the way Nigerian youth connect and express themselves.
Social Media Addiction:
Social media addiction is a behavioral dependence on social networking sites, where excessive use affects daily activities and mental well-being (Andreassen et al., 2012). Many Nigerian youth spend significant time on social media, which influences their lifestyle, relationships, and emotional health.
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