Aflatoxin in Nutrition

Aflatoxin in Nutrition

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-23913-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Aflatoxin in Nutrition” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Aflatoxin in Nutrition” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

ABSTRACT

The study determines the impact of Aflatoxin in Nutrition. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to outline the typical presentation of a patient with aflatoxin toxicity, describe the epidemiology of aflatoxin toxicity, explain the treatment considerations for patients with aflatoxin toxicity, and review the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance care coordination for patients affected by aflatoxin toxicity. The data collected will be analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be used to estimate variation. Regression analysis will be used to find the relationship between some variables. They will be used to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 significant level. Aflatoxin is the mycotoxin generating the greatest losses and the highest management costs due to its extremely high toxicity on a unit basis, and its long history of stringent regulation. The costs are inversely related to the regulatory level that must be met, and lower concentration allowances will increase the costs of crop management. Several effective ways for the management of mycotoxin contamination in agriculture have been stressed. This study will be of immense benefit to food technologist, microbiologist and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.

Aflatoxin in Nutrition

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Aflatoxins are poisonous substances produced by certain kinds of fungi (moulds) that are found naturally all over the world; they can contaminate food crops and pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock (WHO, 2018). Aflatoxins can be found worldwide in a variety of food and feed commodities especially cereals; the contamination with aflatoxin-producing fungi and the production of the toxin in the products can occur in the field, during storage, transportation at almost all stages of the production chain. In finished animal feed, the contamination of an ingredient could cause the contamination of an entire feed batch (Gallo et al., 2015).

Furthermore, the introduction of a feedstuff contaminated with aflatoxin-producing fungi could lead to the spoilage of other feed shipments and serves as a fungi source in the feed industry environment difficult to eliminate. This deterioration effect has a significant repercussion in association with the global trade and the international exchange of animal feed and feed ingredients (Kovalsky et al., 2016). Co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in finished feed could have profound negative effects on animal and human health, due to the synergistic or additive effect among toxins (Kovalsky et al., 2016). The global production of animal feed reached 964 million tons in 2014 (FEFAC, 2015). Cereal grains, primarily corn, are widely used as energy source in animal feed for different species. These raw materials represent 50–80% of the animal diet in America and Europe. USA and Brazil are the major corn exporter countries, and Japan and Mexico are the largest importer countries (ITC, 2017). For example, most of the ingredients used in Malaysia for the production of animal feeds such as cereal grains, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal are imported from Thailand, China, India, Argentina, USA, Australia, and Canada. Mycotoxin contamination of feed caused by poor storage conditions during production and transportation are frequent (Afsah-Hejri et al., 2013). In Costa Rica, the animal feed produced is based on corn products and only during 2015 over 764 254 tons of corn products were imported (PROCOMER, 2017).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

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CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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