Analysis on Selected PhysicoChemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-2602-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.


Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Objectives of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature Review
  • 2.1.1 Colour
  • 2.1.2 Taste of Odour
  • 2.1.3 PH (Hydorogen Ion Concentration)
  • 2.1.4 Temperature
  • 2.1.5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
  • 2.1.6 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
  • 2.1.7 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
  • 2.1.8 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
  • 2.1.9 Conductivity
  • 2.1.10 Zinc and Copper (Heavy metals)
  • 2.1.11 Feacal Coliform

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Materials and Methods
  • 3.1 Description of Study
  • 3.2 Sources/ Locations
  • 3.3 Data Collection
  • 3.4 Determination of Physico-Chemical Properties
  • 3.4.1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
  • 3.4.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
  • 3.4.3 Temperature (0C)
  • 3.4.4 PH (Hydrogen Ion Concentration)
  • 3.4.5 Conductivity
  • 3.4.6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
  • 3.4.7 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
  • 3.4.8 Colour
  • 3.4.9 Odour and Appearance
  • 3.4.10 Copper
  • 3.4.11 Zinc (Zn)
  • 3.4.12 Coliform

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Results and Discussion
  • 4.1 Results
  • 4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
  • 5.1 Conclusion
  • 5.2 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

ABSTRACT

Water samples were collected from Otamiri River at three different sites (Egbu, Emmanuel Collage and Polytechnic Junction Nekede) for a period of four months. The water samples collected were analyzed for some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters which include PH, Temperature Total dissolved solids, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen Zinc, Copper (heavy metals) colour, Odour, Taste, Appearance using standard procedures.

The physio-chemical parameters investigated and their mean values for the rainy months and that of the dry months are as follows: Temperature 24.60c (33.30c), PH 6.27 (7.97), conductivity 23.7sus/cm3 (73.08 us/cm3) TSA 11.87 mg/l (57mg/l), TSS 2.53mglc (4.3mg/l), colour 58.3 PTCO (81.7 PTCO), Dissolved oxygen 4.5mglc, BOD 3.42mglc, Copper 0.20(0.12mg/l), Zinc 0.34mglc (0.12mg/l), Nitrate 0.2 (0.68mg/l) and fecal coliform was above WHO standard for drinking water.

The results showed that, water from Otamiri River is unsafe for drinking, since the values of most parameters investigates did not meet with the WHO standard and could be a public health concern.


Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

A River is a natural water course, (Merriam 2010), usually fresh water, flowing toward an ocean, lake or another River. The chemistry of Rivers is complex and depends on inputs from atmosphere and the inputs from man's activities in an area and our growing population is placing great demands upon natural fresh water resources (Waziri et al., 2009). The characteristics of water quality are basically classified as physical, chemical and biological.

The availability of good water quality is an indispensable feature for preventing diseases and improving quality life (Oluduro and Aderiye 2007).

Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food and as a means of disposing waste. Therefore, it is important that water for drinking and other uses should be analyzed to assess the level and nature of pollution (WHO, 2005). It is also important in water quality studies to know the amount of organic matter present in the system and the quantity of oxygen required for stabilization of the water.

The impact of organic pollutants on water quality in this work is expressed in terms of the biochemical oxygen demand which depend on the dissolved oxygen (DO) and Total Dissolved solids (IDS) on the other hand is used to defined the organic content of the river and the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) respectively, Efe, Ogban, Horsefall and Akporhonor (2005).

1.1 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this project work are:

  1. To study and examine of the water quality through analysis of some physico-chemical properties.
  2. To determine the levels of some pollution indicators and comparing the results with WHO acceptable standards for drinking water.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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