Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit of UBTH University of Benin Teaching Hospital

Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-25884-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Nursing (Science), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION


    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Conceptual Review
    • 2.3 Theoretical Framework
    • 2.4 Empirical Studies

    CHAPTER THREE

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Research Design
    • 3.3 Population of Study
    • 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
    • 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
    • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
    • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
    • 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
    • 3.9 Ethical Consideration
    • 3.10 Statistical Analysis

    CHAPTER FOUR

    DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
    • 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
    • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
    • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary of Findings
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation
    • 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”


    Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit of UBTH (University of Benin Teaching Hospital)

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    The nurses are important members of the surgical care team that stays with the patient round the clock. It is imperative for the surgical nurses to understand the basics of pre and post-operative wound infection prevention and control. The implementation of quality measures including antibiotic prophylaxis, hair removal using a clipper, tight control of pre- and post-operative glucose levels and avoiding hypothermia are all recognized key quality measures in reducing infection (Wick et al., 2008). Nurses can play a significant role in Surgical Site Infection (SSI) prevention by using different strategies including double gloving, wearing latex-free gloves, using alcohol-based hand sanitizer before donning non-sterile gloves, and maintaining hand hygiene before and after contacting patients (Spruce, 2013). A variety of studies done across the world revealed that the level of surgical site infection prevention among nurses was different from global to local and continent to continent (Biccard et al., 2018).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.


    1.2 Background of Study

    Surgical operations are vital procedures in the health care delivery system and becoming one of the most frequent hospital procedures which is associated with post-operative morbidities (Weiser et al., 2008). Advancement in surgery has played a pivotal role in managing and treating complex health challenges requiring the process. However, the process and procedure involved in surgery before, during and after the operations could significantly endanger the life of the patient. Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) pose grave danger to patients and increased workload on health workers which ultimately affect the quality of nursing care (Famakinwa et al., 2014).

    Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most occurring HAI with serious consequence for patients’ general condition and survival after a successful surgical intervention (Famakinwa et al., 2014). An SSI can be superficial incisional, deep incisional or organ space infection. Surgical site infection is a major hazard for surgical patients. The major consequences of SSIs are readmission, prolonged hospital stay, increased cost of treatment, long-term disability, emotional stress for patients and their families, high cost for the health care system, and a considerable economic burden for the hospitals (Famakinwa et al., 2014; Lissovoy et al., 2008). Patients with SSIs have a 2–11 times greater risk of death compared with surgical patients without SSIs and 77% of deaths in patients with SSIs are directly attributable to SSIs (Leaper et al., 2017).

    The timing of surgical prophylaxis and the appropriate use of antimicrobial prophylaxis is an agreed quality indicator and represents a significant intervention in preventing SSIs (Humphreys and Cunney, 2008). An array of studies reported significant drop in the rates of SSIs associated with increased awareness among healthcare workers (Joyce and Nanjaiah, 2009; Eskander et al., 2013). On the other hand, lack of infection prevention and control awareness was found to be associated with poor practices of standard precautions by surgical wards nurses (Mahmud and AbdulSahib, 2011). However, risks for SSIs are classified into intrinsic extrinsic factors Famakinwa et al. (2014). While the intrinsic factors include advanced age, malnutrition, metabolic diseases, smoking, obesity, hypoxia, immune- suppression, and length of preoperative. Pre-operative skin preparation and skin antiseptics, antibiotic prophylaxis, inadequate sterilization of surgical instruments, surgical drains, surgical hands scrubs, and dressing techniques formed the extrinsic factors.

    All efforts of infection control among health care providers notwithstanding, infections remain a major unwanted side effect of surgical operation. This unwanted event causes serious harm to patients in both developed and resource constraint countries. Patient safety is vital concern for all health care professionals. All of them area unit concerned in patient care however, nurses play a number one role (McHugh & Stimpfel, 2012). So, it's a vital challenge for nurses to supply quality of medical care to their shoppers (Teshager, 2015). Application of current information and practices by nurses will facilitate stop surgical web site infection, reduces patients’ and hospitals expenses and improves patients’ quality of life (Sickder et al., 2014).

    Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital.


    1.3 Statement of Problems

    Investigation revealed that infection control is an important concern for all health care professionals specially nurses. Nurses have higher risk for both self-acquiring and transmitting infections to other patients. Surgical site infection incidence rate is higher in our country. A study conducted by Malik et al., (2013) in Islamabad reported the surgical site infection rate as 8.6%. It has also been observed at public hospitals of nurses are not implementing the standard guidelines and modern surgical and sterilization techniques properly to prevent the patients from surgical site infection.

    The low standard practice of nurses can cause the transmission of infection especially among open wound/site surgeries. So, the rate of surgical site infection can also be higher in Allied Hospital. Thus, nurses are important target population to examine the attitude and practice of surgical site among nurses in surgical unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) to increase the quality of patient care.


    1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

    The aim of the study is to examine the Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

    1. To identify the factors influencing the practice of nurses towards the prevention of surgical site infections;
    2. To assess the level of practice regarding prevention of surgical site prevention among nurses;
    3. To investigate the knowledge, attitude and surgical site infection prevention practices among nurses; and
    4. To examine the relationship that exist between Nurses' attitude and practice towards prevention of surgical site infection.

    1.5 Research Questions

    The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

    • Are there factors influencing the practice of nurses towards the prevention of surgical site infections?
    • What is the level of practice regarding prevention of surgical site prevention among nurses?
    • What is the knowledge, attitude and surgical site infection prevention practices among nurses?
    • What is the relationship that exists between Nurses’ attitude and practice towards prevention of surgical site infection?

    1.6 Research Hypothesis

    In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.

    Hypothesis One

    • H0: There is no significant level of practice regarding prevention of surgical site prevention among nurses
    • H1: There is significant level of practice regarding prevention of surgical site prevention among nurses

    Hypothesis Two

    • H0: There are no significant factors influencing the practice of nurses towards the prevention of surgical site infections
    • H1: There are significant factors influencing the practice of nurses towards the prevention of surgical site infections

    1.7 Significance of Study

    The research findings will help the organization, develop and organize training programs to increase nurses’ knowledge and practices for the prevention of surgical site infection. It will provide information, guide to development of nursing curriculum and nursing courses related to prevention of surgical site infection.

    This study will also be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.


    1.8 Scope of Study

    The scope of the research is focused on the Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit using University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in Edo State as a case study.


    1.9 Limitations of the Study

    During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

    1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
    2. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
    3. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
    4. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

    1.10 Definition of Terms

    Knowledge: The fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association (Merriam Webster, 2017).

    Practice: The application of rules and knowledge which leads to action is termed as practice

    Nurse: Nurse is a person who cares for the sick people to promote their health

    Surgical Site Infection: It is an infection which occurs in the surgical patients within in 30days after an operation.

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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