Construction of Flow Nozzle

Construction of Flow Nozzle

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-3254-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Construction of Flow Nozzle” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Chemical Engineering, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Construction of Flow Nozzle” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

ABSTRACT

The project title “fabrication of flow nozzle” was done by a selected group of ND II Chemical Engineering Students and the practiced objective (aim) of the project was centered on constructing a nozzle that is capable of transporting fluid from one to the other, to determine the charge in velocity of the moving fluid across two given areas of the nozzle and to be able to measure the quantity of fluid that will flow through the nozzle for a given period of time.

However, the construction of the nozzle was done with materials obtainable locally and the science of operation carried out in constructing the nozzle was; cleaning, marking out, cutting off, drilling, folding, centre punching, assembling, welding, filling, testing and painting.

The flow nozzle was constructed based on the following specifications and dimensions;

  • Throat Diameter 60mm
  • The diameter of the duct pipe 140mm
  • The length of the up stream pipe 200mm
  • The thickness of the nozzle 3.8mm
  • The length of the down stream pipe 200mm
  • The height of the nozzle 820mm
  • The length of the nozzle 690mm
  • The size of the pressure valves ½ inch

Furthermore, the selection of materials for the construction of this flow nozzle was based on the factors which includes; ductility, malleability, fabricability, mechanical strength and stability, availability, corrosion resistance and lastly cost factor.

Finally, the constructed flow nozzle and all other expenses cost N8,000.

Construction of Flow Nozzle

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

A nozzle is defined as a device in which the kinetic energy of a fluid is measured in an adiabatic process. A nozzle can also be referred to as a duct of smoothly, varying cross – sectional area in which a steadily flowing fluids can be made to accelerate by a pressure drop along the required duct. There are many applications in practice which require a high velocity steam of fluids and the nozzle is the best means of obtaining this. for example, nozzles are used in steam and gas turbines, in jet engines, in rocket motors, in flow measurement, and in many other applications. There are various type of nozzles namely; the convergent nozzle, the divergent nozzle, and the sizes of these nozzles affect the fluid flow either in one way or other (i.e increasing or decreasing the flow rates).

1.2 Background of Study

In some years past, the measurement of the amount of fluids which flows through pipes was very difficult, simply because, there was past, it was discovered that most of our industrial process or operations require fluid and the quantity of these fluids needed to be known for effective operations and to minimize issues. This stimulated the scientists to go into a research work, which led to the discovery of these metering devices or instrument. Lenodo de vin was the first scientist to discover ‘orifiice meter” in the year 1452 – 1519, during his study of hydraulics of water flow in channels and he decided to use the orifice meter in his research. He also observed that the meter was good for the study of fluid. He also noticed that the introduction of an orifice meter into a pipeline is necessary as this causes a change in the kinetic of the fluid.

Furthermore, still in the field of hydraulic experiment, a scientist called “VENTURI” after 7000 AD discovered a venturi meter. Also, before the beginning of the 20th century, a scientist called “HAREHEL DEUTSHER” discovered the flow nozzle in their various studies of hydraulics.

However, flow meters used for measurement has become a device with the advent of the industrial age because of the need for controlled flow process, accounting methods and more efficiently in operation and also because of the realization that controls flow rate is simple and convenient method to other process variable such as temperature and pressure.

But in this project write up, more emphases will be placed on the working principles of the flow nozzle, the advantage and disadvantage and finally it uses.

1.3 Objective / Scope of the Project

The objective of this project is centered on constructing a flow nozzle, that is capable of transporting fluid (liquid) from one end to the other at a specified pressure, creating pressure differential in the moving fluid and to be able to measure the quantity of fluid that will flow through the nozzle for a given period of time.

The dimensions and specifications of the constructed flow nozzle are as follows:

  1. Throat Diameter 60mm
  2. The diameter of the duct pipe 140mm
  3. The length of the up stream pipe 200mm
  4. The thickness of the nozzle 3.8mm
  5. The length of the down stream pipe 200mm
  6. The height of the nozzle 820mm
  7. The length of the nozzle 690mm
  8. The size of the pressure valves ½ inch

The construction of the flow nozzle was carried out with materials obtained locally and the specifications recommended by the international standard organization (I.S.I) were strictly adhered to, during construction. The constructed flow nozzle should be inserted to a straight pipeline at least 850mm long to eliminate any eddies or other disturbances and substantially steady flow through the nozzle.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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