Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network 330Kv

Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330Kv)

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-1886-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330Kv)” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Electrical / Electronics Engineering (EE), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330Kv)” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330Kv)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Statement of Problems
  • 1.3 Aim and Objectives of Problems
  • 1.4 Significance of Study
  • 1.5 Scope of Study
  • 1.6 Limitations of the study
  • CHAPTER TWO
  • LITERATURE REVIEW
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Concept of Contingency Analysis of Power Network
  • 2.3 The Nigerian Grid System
  • 2.4 Concept of Electrical Conductor
  • 2.5 Theoretical Framework

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Description of Grid Network in the Eastern Part of Nigeria
  • 3.3 Modelling of Power System Components
  • 3.4 Transmission line modeling and data Grid Network (330kv)/description
  • 3.5 Short, Medium and Long Line Transmission Modeling
  • 3.6 Transformer Modeling
  • 3.7 Tap Changing Transformer
  • 3.7.1 On — Load Tap Changing Transformer
  • 3.7.2 Off — Load Tap Changing Transformer
  • 3.8 Number of Busbars and Types
  • 3.9 Types of conductors

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • 4.1 The Post-Upgrade of Transmission Network
  • 4.2 Conclusion Statement
  • 4.3 Analytical Summary
  • 4.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

The contingency analysis of the Eastern part of Nigeria Grid Network is considered in the paper (330kv). A contingency is a “what if” which means that contingency analysis is the loss or failure of a small part o the power system e.g a transmission line or the loss of failure of individual equipment such as a generator or transformer. This is also called an unplanned “outage”. This study is used to: Evaluate the effects and calculate any overloads, resulting from each outage event. Contingency analysis is essentially a preview analysis tool. It simulates and quantifies the results of problems that could occur in the power system in the immediate future. Contingency analysis is used as a study tool for the off-line analysis of contingency events, as an on-line tool to show operators what would be the effects of future outages. This allows the operators to be better prepared to react to outages by using pre-planned recovery scenarios. The likely things that cause overload and other problems that can occur due to contingency: Unplanned opening of a circuit breaker at the substation, Equipment failure, Transmission line loss, Voltage magnitude violation at modes (positively / negatively), and System frequency deviation from the nominal value. The early chapter deals with the introduction and literature review. The later chapters deal with system methodology and contingency analysis process, results and use as well as the conclusion and references.

Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330Kv)

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

All about electrical engineering is; generation, transmission and distribution. The generated energy must be transmitted via transformers and cables as well as distributed to end user's at required voltage level. Because of steady supply, network stability become issue of prime importance in this current era of electricity deregulation to network operators. From the word “contingency” which means an event or situation that might happen in the future and could cause problems. Therefore a contingency is an unexpected, but reasonably, likely sudden change in the power system, such as loss of a transmission line, generator, transformer, and opening of a circuit breaker in a transmitting substation in the power system. The purpose of contingency analysis is to analyze the power system in order to identify the overloads and problems that can occur due to a contingency. The importance of contingency analysis are by analyzing the effects of contingency events in advance, problems and unstable situations can be identified, critical configurations can be applied, and corrective actions can be planned. A power system is secure when it can withstand the loss of one or more elements and still continue operation without major problems. An elements of a power system usually refers to its electrical equipment e.g generator, transformer, transmission line, circuit breakers, etc. Element can also refer to the wider context of a group of device that together constitute an outage such as a BUSBAR which effectively goes out of service if one or more breakers do not operate correctly. An outage is the removal of equipment from service. It can be planned and intentional ie, due to maintenance, or unplanned ie, due to failure. This material contains electrical diagrams, circuits, illustrations and more (Very detailed).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Statement of Problems

Contingency analysis is used as a study tool for the off-line analysis of contingency events, as an on-line tool to show operators what would be the effects of future outages. This allows the operators to be better prepared to react to outages by using pre-planned recovery scenarios. The likely things that cause overload and other problems that can occur due to contingency: Unplanned opening of a circuit breaker at the substation, Equipment failure, Transmission line loss, Voltage magnitude violation at modes (positively / negatively), and System frequency deviation from the nominal value.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to analyze the Contingency of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330kv). In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

  1. To conduct a contingency analysis on the 330KV transmission network.
  2. To Collect data on transformers and transmission lines, in 330KV power network.
  3. To use line parameters to verify the operating state of the 330kv power Network.
  4. To validate the investigation between the existing system and the improved compensation system.

1.4 Significance of Study

The importance of contingency analysis are by analyzing the effects of contingency events in advance, problems and unstable situations can be identified, critical configurations can be applied, and corrective actions can be planned.

This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.5 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Contingency Analysis of the Eastern Part of Nigeria Grid Network (330kv).

1.6 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
  3. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
  4. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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