Design and Construction of an Automatic ChangeOver Switch with Indicator That Will Switch Load From the Mains Power Supply Generator with Simplicity

Design and Construction of an Automatic Change-Over Switch with Indicator That Will Switch Load From the Mains Power Supply Generator with Simplicity

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-3647-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Design and Construction of an Automatic Change-Over Switch with Indicator That Will Switch Load From the Mains Power Supply Generator with Simplicity” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Electrical / Electronics Engineering (EE), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Design and Construction of an Automatic Change-Over Switch with Indicator That Will Switch Load From the Mains Power Supply Generator with Simplicity” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

Design and Construction of an Automatic Change-Over Switch with Indicator That Will Switch Load From the Mains Power Supply Generator with Simplicity

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

Industrial automation and control has contributed immensely to the high rate of the world's technological growth. Power control and automation is a part of this field which is applied in virtually anywhere electrical power is used, generated or transmitted. Manual power change-over switches have been in existence and in different forms and shapes. 1959, the advent of microelectronics has paved way to modify the manually operated change-over switches. This project deals with the design and construction of automatic change-over switch with indicator. It eliminates the time and energy spent in operating the manual change – over and starting of Gen. Set. It is fully automated. It can be used in residential houses, offices and most importantly, in factories that required constant power supply. It has so many advantages over the existing ones/types.

1.1. Background Of The Study

This project work is embarked upon to eliminate nearly every shortcomings associated with the manually operated type to ensuring that it is fully automated.

This system is realized in several functional blocks all combined to form one functional system. The first block is a 3-phase MAINS regulated dc power supply unit that powers the overall circuit and acts as the input. The output of thin block is fed into a priority encoder (74147) which selects the most prioritized phase at a time. The third block is a BCD – to – DECIMAL Decoder (7442) used to decode the prioritized phase.

The fourth is the driver stage which comprises of NPN transistor that energizes the electromagnetic relay which switches the phase in priority. The Gen set switching section is achieved using the least prioritized phase. This section switches ON the Gen set when all the NEPA phases are low, OFF or faulty. Once the Gen set phase is selected, a switching transistor fires an SCR which conducts large battering current to the ignition coil of the Gen set. Panel indicators are used to show the status of the system.

1.2. Aims And Objectives Of The Project

The aims and objectives of this project is to:

  1. Design and construct an automatic change-over switch with indicator that will switch load from the mains power supply (PHCN) power supply (Generator) with simplicity.
  2. To introduce a circuitry that will sense power outage and at the same time sense fluctuation in the power supplied to the load at any point time.

1.3. Significance Of The Project

This project eliminates the stress, time delay and other drawbacks in manually operated types. The project is modified to display the phase in use at a particular time using a single seven segment Display and its appropriate circuitry.

1.4. Scope Of The Study

This project work was carried out primarily with the aim of solving the problem of manual change-over switch when there is need for changing to generator due to power failure from public power supply.
Also, the essence of this project work is to design and construct a 90A, 220V, 50Hz automatic change-over switch which will serve as a standby switch to generator when there is power outage.

1.5. Limitations Of The Project

Due to the principal operation of the device, it cannot switch two voltage supply once, during operation. So the power switching of the supplies depends on the state in which the device is, that means it can only be in an on or off state, so as to avoid voltage clashing which will lead to fire outbreak.

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CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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