Effects of Palm Oil Processing Waste on Soil

Effects of Palm Oil Processing Waste on Soil

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-26157-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Effects of Palm Oil Processing Waste on Soil” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Soil Science, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Effects of Palm Oil Processing Waste on Soil” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Aim and Objectives of Study
  • 1.3 Significance of Study
  • 1.4 Scope of Study
  • 1.5 Limitations of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Conceptual Review of Soil
  • 2.3 Palm Oil Processing Waste (POPW)
  • 2.4 Source of Palm Oil
  • 2.5 Processing of Palm Oil
  • 2.6 Compositions of Palm Oil Processing Waste
  • 2.7 Effect of Palm Oil Processing Waste on Soil
  • 2.8 Roles of Microorganism (In Palm Oil Processing Waste)
  • 2.9 Soil Types and their Characteristics
  • 2.10 Soil Types and their Features
  • 2.10.1 Microorganisms Associated with palm oil Processing Waste treated Soil

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Sample Collection
  • 3.3 Enumeration of Total Heterotrophic Bacterial and Fungal Load
  • 3.4 Characterization and Identification of Isolates
  • 3.5 Biochemical Characterization

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Results
  • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary of Findings
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation
  • 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study

REFERENCES

Effects of Palm Oil Processing Waste on Soil

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Palm tree (Elaeis Guineensis) is a tropical forest palm in the Southern and Western parts of Nigeria, palm oil production is one of the major socio-economic activities of inhabitants especially the tropical parts of the Delta due to abundant palm trees and other palm families, as such, large quantities of palm fruits are harvested and processed weekly and most times, daily.

The palm oil industry is a major agro-based one in Africa, especially in the South/Western part where palm oil trees are found both in the wild and plantations. During processing of the ripe fruit in order to extract the palm oil, a lot of waste water (palm oil-mill effluent) is generated. Palm oil processing is a systematic procedure where palm oil is produced from oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis). Palm oil is naturally reddish because it contains a high amount of beta-carotene.

Palm oil processing waste is a collective term for more or less viscous, generally organic chemical gelatinous liquid which is mostly discarded untreated into water or oil has a very high nutrient. Content, and large oil palm plantations prefer to use it directly as fertilizer. The fact that the effect of chronic palm oil processing waste discharged on our agricultural soil has not been given the proper attention it deserves may be due to the limited knowledge of its effects (Zakaria, 2002).

During processing, large quantities of palm oil processing waste are discharged onto the soil. This has been the practices of the people for decades, but studies have shown that the application of organic wastes contain considerable amounts of plant. Nutrients, including micronutrients whose benefits to soil organisms cannot be overemphasized. However, some palm oil processing waste are organic in nature, it may have tremendous effects on the supply of nutrient elements to the soil.

According to Odu and Mba (1991), inorganic fertilizers supply nutrient elements through microbial assistance but also help in the improvement of soil physical properties.

Palm oil processing waste contains high organic load substantial amount of plant nutrients and represent a low-cost source of plant nutrients when fermented (Kittikun et al., 2000). It is generally believed that the toxicity effect of palm oil processing waste is due to the presence of phenols and other organic acids which are responsible for phytotoxic effect and antibacterial activities (Capasso et al., 1992). However, the polyphenolic fraction degrades with time and partially transforms in humic substances (Piotrowska, 2006).

This chapter will address the background information that motivated this study, the challenges that prompted it, its aim, and its objectives as a preface to subsequent sections of the study. Additional factors include the study's significance, scope, limitations, and the definition of technical terms.

1.2 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the research is to study the microbiological and physico-chemical effect of palm oil processing waste on soil. The research work ascertains the impact of untreated palm oil processing waste on soil and also the physico-chemical changes that also occur in palm oil processing waste (POPW) treated soil.

Specifically, the objectives of this research is therefore aimed at evaluating the,

  1. Physicochemical changes that occurs in soil upon impact of palm oil processing waste;
  2. Effect of palm oil processing waste on the microbial population of the soil;
  3. Response of soil to uncontrolled application of untreated palm oil processing waste; and
  4. Agricultural side effects of the changes caused by the application of palm oil processing waste on soil parameters such as, Nitrate, phosphate, pH and moisture content.
…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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