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Evaluation of Selected Agroallied Wastes as Carrier for Trichoderma Harzianum

Evaluation of Selected Agroallied Wastes as Carrier for Trichoderma Harzianum

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-6048-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Evaluation of Selected Agroallied Wastes as Carrier for Trichoderma Harzianum” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Agricultural Engineering (AE), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Evaluation of Selected Agroallied Wastes as Carrier for Trichoderma Harzianum” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to estimate the effectiveness of agro-allied wastes as carriers of the biological control organism, T. harzianum, by evaluating colonization and sporulation rate of each. The selected substrates were corn husk, Alstonia and Iron wood. The substrates were supplemented with 5, 10, 15, and 20% of rice bran, and control treatment to show the improved rate of colonization. All substrate used proved to be effective. The slowest mycelia colonization rate was from the Iron wood with 50% at 10% rice supplement by day-5. Alstonia and cornhusk substrates at 10% proved to be the best with a fast percentage colonization of 77.5 and 85.5% by day-5. This result were analysed using one way ANOVA at 5% probability level using Student-Newman-Keul’s (SNK).

Evaluation of Selected Agroallied Wastes as Carrier for Trichoderma Harzianum

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

Trichoderma a fungus belonging to the division Ascomycota (Imperfecti fungi) and to the family Hypocreales. They occur worldwide and are commonly associated with roots, soil and plant debris (Howell et al., 2003). They could survive on other host such as rotten tomatoes and cultures of sawdust when the environment is favourable (Apabalza et al., 2000).

They live in symbiotic relationship such as competitions, antibiosis and mycoparatism. Trichoderma species have a complex mycoparatism process where they secrete cell-wall degrading enzymes (Whipps, 2011). In the cell wall chitin which a polymer include endochitin, chitinolytic which degrade the cell wall and metabolism of organism (Goku et al., 2000).

Trichoderma is an important phytopathogen antagonist against some soil fungi and plant parasitic organism (nematodes). Different strains have being developed such as TH 36, TH16 and has been proved to be effective antagonist of conidia of Colletotrichum musae (banana rot) and Rhizoctonia solani causal organism of seedling wilt in many plant (Apabalza et al., 2000; Kerry, 2000 and Myer, 2001).

The use of bactericide and fungicides (e.g. Aldrex T) and use of chemical fertilizer in crop protection have being in use over the years; recently this form of crop protection are being discouraged due to its implication on the environment (Chanidallan and Eliot, 2009).

The use of biological control has been on the rise and emphasis are being placed on it due to the fact that it is environmentally friendly (Whipps, 2001).

Trichoderma has been found to produce and provide better protection for crops such as cowpea by colonizing the plant root (Adekunle et al., 2004) and effective in suppression of pathogens by competing for space, nutrients and secretion of diffusible antibiotics (Howell, 2003).

Trichoderma has been used as fungicide against foliar disease of crops and its effectiveness against damping off. As biocontrol they act indirectly or directly through their mechanism help improve environmental conditions, plant growth and induce systemic resistant. (Benitez, 2004).

Test conducted using various species of Trichoderma has shown them to be effective in seed treatment; Trichoderma konigii, Trichoderma harziaum and Trichoderma virivde used to treat seedling against soil borne disease like Marcophonmia phaseolina (Adeknule et al., 2000). Good and improved the resistance of tomatoes to Meloidogyne incognita when cultured in 1.5% tomatoes extracts (Dabbat AA et al., 2006).

The production of Trichoderma for use in the field would require fast growth resulting in large biomass. Availability of cheap substrate and energy source is of importance.

The objective of this study is to determine:

  1. The suitability of selected agro allied waste as carrier for Trichoderma harzianum
  2. The rate of colonization and sporulation in selected agro allied waste.
  3. The effect of soil amendment on growth and yield of a selected vegetable − Celosia argentea.
…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

Summary Headlines for Evaluation of Selected Agroallied Wastes as Carrier for Trichoderma Harzianum



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