Formulation of Perfume From Essential Oil Extracted From Lemongrass

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Chemical Engineering, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Formulation of Perfume From Essential Oil Extracted From Lemongrass” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract

CHAPTER ONE:

Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General Objective
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
1.4 Justification

CHAPTER TWO:

Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Perfume Concentration
2.3 Perfume Notes
2.3.1 Top Notes
2.3.2 Middle Notes
2.3.3 Base Notes
2.4 Sources Perfume
2.4.1 Aromatic sources
2.4.2 Synthetic source
2.4.3 Essential oil source
2.5 Lemongrass
2.5.1 Oil properties
2.5.2 Origin of lemongrass oil
2.5.3 Extraction
2.5.4 Chemical Composition
2.5.5 Uses of lemongrass oil
2.6 Extraction of Essential oil
2.6.1 Water Distillation
2.6.2 Solvent-Extraction
2.6.3 Effleurage
2.6.4 Steam Distillation
2.7 Important Physical and Chemical properties of Essential oils
2.7.1 Physical properties
2.7.2 Chemical Constituents of Essential oils
2.8 Parameters Affecting Yield and Quality of Essential Oils
2.8.1 Mode of Distillation
2.8.2 Improper Design of Equipment
2.8.3 Material of Fabrication of Equipment
2.8.4 Condition of Raw Material
2.8.5 Time for Distillation
2.8.6 Loading of Raw Material and Steam Distribution
2.8.7 Operating Parameters
2.8.8 Condition of Tank and Equipment
2.8.9 Particle Size of the raw material loading to the chamber
2.9 Formulation of Perfume

CHAPTER THREE:

Methodology
3.1 Sample Collection
3.2 Sample Preparation
3.4 Oil Extraction Methods
3.4.1 Solvent Extraction Method
3.4.2 Water Distillation
3.5 Components of the Water Extraction plant
3.5.1 Extraction Chamber
3.5.2 Condenser
3.5.3 Separator
3.6 Determination of the Yield of lemongrass oil
3.7 Characterization of Lemongrass Oil
3.7.1 Physicochemical properties of Lemongrass Oil
3.8 Formulation of Perfume

CHAPTER FOUR:

Result and Discussion
4.1 Determination of moisture contents
4.2 Percentage yield
4.3 Factors affected the yield of extracted oil
4.3.1 Effect of extraction time on the yield of extracted oil with water distillation method
4.3.2 Effect of particle size on the yield of extracted oil
4.4 Physical properties
4.4.1 pH determination
4.4.2 Specific gravity determination
4.4.2 Viscosity determination
4.4.3 Boiling point of lemongrass oil
4.4.4 Evaporation residue of lemongrass oil
4.4.5 Flash point determination
4.4.6 Solubility of lemongrass oil
4.5 Quality evaluation of the lemongrass oil
4.5.1 Acid value determination
4.5.2 Saponification value determination
4.5.3 Iodine number determination
4.6 Formulated perfume

CHAPTER FIVE:

Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

Defense Procedure for Chemical Engineering Researchers

Be Intentional About Your Research Preparation in Context – As a student of Chemical Engineering defending a project or seminar on Formulation of Perfume From Essential Oil Extracted From Lemongrass, you are expected to be thoroughly acquainted with your research. The defense process follows a structured format where you present your work, respond to questions, and demonstrate its relevance. Here’s a general guide to the defense procedure:

Introduction: Begin with a concise introduction of your research topic, highlighting its significance and the research objectives. This helps set the context for the audience and the External Examiner, allowing them to grasp the scope of your work. Before you step up to defend, ensure that you are familiar with your research abstract and the key components of Chapter One, including the motivation behind your study, the problem statement, the aims and objectives, as well as the scope and significance. For Chapter Two, it is advisable to reference at least two citations from the literature review. In Chapter Three, be prepared to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques you employed in your research. Moving to Chapter Four, you must justify your work and explain how your findings align with the objectives of your research.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Wrap up your defense by summarizing the study and offering well-grounded recommendations based on your findings.

Dress Code: Professional attire is an essential component of your final-year research defense. Wearing a suit and tie, for example, can create a positive impression and boost your overall presentation without you having to say a word.

Question and Answer Session: The External Examiner will ask questions based on your research. If you encounter a difficult or unrelated question, respond respectfully with, "Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study". Whenever possible, answer questions by referring directly to your research findings.

Formulation of Perfume From Essential Oil Extracted From Lemongrass

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT