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Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria

Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Geology for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Location And Accessibility
  • 1.2 Review Of Literature
  • 1.3 Present Investigation

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2 Physical Setting
  • 2.1 Climate Vegetation
  • 2.2 Relief And Drainage
  • 2.3 Weathering And Erosion

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3 Methodology Of The Research
  • 3.1 Aims And Objective
  • 3.2 Techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4 Petrology Of The Study Area
  • 4.1 Metamorphic Petrology
  • 4.1.1 Gneiss
  • 4.1.2 Occurrence And Field Relation
  • 4.1.3 Petrography Of Migmatite Gneiss
  • 4.1.4 Petrography Of Biotite Gneiss
  • 4.1.5 Petrogenesis Of Metamorphic Rocks
  • 4.2 Igneous Petrology
  • 4.2.1 Occurrence And Field Relation
  • 4.2.2 Petrography Of Granodiorite
  • 4.2.3 Petrography Of Pegmatite
  • 4.2.4 Petrogenesis Of Igneous Rocks

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5 Structural And Applied Geology
  • 5.1 Structural Geology
  • 5.1.1 Folds
  • 5.1.2 Foliation
  • 5.2 Applied Geology
  • 5.2.1 Engineering Geology
  • 5.2.2 Economic Geology
  • 5.2.3 Hydrogeology

CHAPTER SIX

  • 6. Metamorphism And Geologic History
  • 6.1 Metamorphism
  • 6.2 Geologic History

CHAPTER SEVEN

  • Summary And Conclusion

REFERENCES


ABSTRACT

Aking-West and its environs is located within latitude 050 221N and 050 261N and longitude 0080 361E and 0080 381E. It covers an estimated area of about 72km2. The area is situated in Cross River State which falls within the Basement Complex of South Eastern Nigeria (Oban Massif).

Geologically, the study area is made up of basement rocks, some of which are weathered. Form field studies, gneiss, granodiorite and pegmatite are the major rock types in the study area. Texturally, the rocks in this area range from medium to coarse grains due to the presence of low temperature minerals such as quartz and biotite. The formational events in the area led to the formation of joints, foliation and folds.

The rock trend in the NE-SW direction indicating the pan-African orogeny. Petrographic analysis revealed the presence of migmatite gneiss, biotite gneiss, granodiorite and pegmatite as the metamorphic and igneous rocks in the study area. Petrogenetically, it is believed that different rocks encountered in the field have different origins which form the nature and place the rocks were derived.

The rocks are either igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rocks. The drainage pattern of streams and rivers of the area is dendritic. The study area is characterized by thick vegetation cover consisting of variety of plants such as tall trees, shrubs, climbers and undergrowths. The economic potentials can be said to be promising due to the abundance of sand and aggregate materials which if exploited would boost the economy of Cross River State.


Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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