Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment AkingWest Southeastern Nigeria

Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria

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Reference ID: PS-1184-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Geology, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Location And Accessibility
  • 1.2 Review Of Literature
  • 1.3 Present Investigation

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2 Physical Setting
  • 2.1 Climate Vegetation
  • 2.2 Relief And Drainage
  • 2.3 Weathering And Erosion

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3 Methodology Of The Research
  • 3.1 Aims And Objective
  • 3.2 Techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4 Petrology Of The Study Area
  • 4.1 Metamorphic Petrology
  • 4.1.1 Gneiss
  • 4.1.2 Occurrence And Field Relation
  • 4.1.3 Petrography Of Migmatite Gneiss
  • 4.1.4 Petrography Of Biotite Gneiss
  • 4.1.5 Petrogenesis Of Metamorphic Rocks
  • 4.2 Igneous Petrology
  • 4.2.1 Occurrence And Field Relation
  • 4.2.2 Petrography Of Granodiorite
  • 4.2.3 Petrography Of Pegmatite
  • 4.2.4 Petrogenesis Of Igneous Rocks

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5 Structural And Applied Geology
  • 5.1 Structural Geology
  • 5.1.1 Folds
  • 5.1.2 Foliation
  • 5.2 Applied Geology
  • 5.2.1 Engineering Geology
  • 5.2.2 Economic Geology
  • 5.2.3 Hydrogeology

CHAPTER SIX

  • 6. Metamorphism And Geologic History
  • 6.1 Metamorphism
  • 6.2 Geologic History

CHAPTER SEVEN

  • Summary And Conclusion

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

Aking-West and its environs is located within latitude 050 221N and 050 261N and longitude 0080 361E and 0080 381E. It covers an estimated area of about 72km2. The area is situated in Cross River State which falls within the Basement Complex of South Eastern Nigeria (Oban Massif).

Geologically, the study area is made up of basement rocks, some of which are weathered. Form field studies, gneiss, granodiorite and pegmatite are the major rock types in the study area. Texturally, the rocks in this area range from medium to coarse grains due to the presence of low temperature minerals such as quartz and biotite. The formational events in the area led to the formation of joints, foliation and folds.

The rock trend in the NE-SW direction indicating the pan-African orogeny. Petrographic analysis revealed the presence of migmatite gneiss, biotite gneiss, granodiorite and pegmatite as the metamorphic and igneous rocks in the study area. Petrogenetically, it is believed that different rocks encountered in the field have different origins which form the nature and place the rocks were derived.

The rocks are either igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rocks. The drainage pattern of streams and rivers of the area is dendritic. The study area is characterized by thick vegetation cover consisting of variety of plants such as tall trees, shrubs, climbers and undergrowths. The economic potentials can be said to be promising due to the abundance of sand and aggregate materials which if exploited would boost the economy of Cross River State.

Geology of Western Aking and Its Environs and Heavy Metal Distribution in Surface Water Stream Sediment, Aking-West, Southeastern Nigeria

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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