Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Ironoxide Nanoparticles

Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-24308-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Biochemistry, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES

    ABSTRACT

    The study determines the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to identify the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles, carry out a Spectroscopic Analysis of Iron-oxide Nanoparticles (Fe2O3-Nps), determine the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes, and evaluate the Iron-oxide Nanoparticles from Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes. The motivation of the study is that the effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body causes lung inflammation and heart problems. The pulmonary injury and inflammation resulting from the inhalation of nanosize urban particulate matter appears to be due to the oxidative stress that these particles cause in the cells. Therefore the research work will provide vital information to eliminate the stated problem. Cationic dyes are dyes that can be dissociated into positively charged ions in aqueous solution. They can interact with the negative groups on the fiber molecules to form salts, which can be further firmly attached to the fibers, thereby staining the fibers. Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

    Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.0 Introduction

    1.1 Background of Study

    The dye decolourisation using biological system is a complex process requiring a suitable enzyme system in bioremediation of such effluents. Such dye rich effluents can be treated through metal oxide nanoparticle by the photocatalytic degradation process. Photocatalytic reactions are induced by the illumination of nano- sized semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO, ZnS, WOγ and Fe2O3 in a suspension and they are most promising for the wastewater treatment (Dai et al., 2007) because of their high stability, low costs, high efficiency and no toxicity (Dipti et al., 2010). Among various semiconductors used in photocatalysts, iron oxide nanomaterials exhibit promising photocatalytic activities (Leland et al., 1987 and Bharathi et al., 2009). However, ‘combinational’ nanoparticle systems were used previously for the dye photocatalytic degradation activity. In the present study, we focused on the application of Fe2O3-Nps alone in the photocatalytic degradation activity of some selected Anionic and Cationic Dyes.

    The environmental engineering applications of many metal oxide nanoparticles, especially iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3- Nps) have been reported. Recently, metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles are used as nano-adsorbents, nano-catalysts, nano-filtration and nano-biocides for remediation of water and wastewater pollutants. Among them, potential of iron nanoparticles was found suitable for environmental remediation. The nanoscale zero-valent iron has a large surface area to volume ratio, which enhances their reactivity especially in the environmental applications (Lin et al., 2009).

    Nanotechnology is a tool of the recent decade to resolve many issues related to environment and health care. The nano-scale particles have numerous advantages and are widely explored for its new functionalities. The metal nanoparticles production is usually carried out using physical and chemical methods. An array of chemicals is required for the metal nanoparticles production, which is very reactive and toxic reducing agent. This brings about many deleterious effects during its application in health care and environmental engineering. In the meantime, many facile and reliable green technologies were adopted for the production of these nanoparticles. Among the green technologies, various organisms act as precursors to produce the stable and well- functionalised nanoparticles, which include bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeast, viruses, plants and so on (Mandal et al., 2006 and Jebali et al., 2011). Plant- mediated nanoparticle synthesis is more reliable in terms of its monodispersed nature, stability and fast synthesis compared to other precursors (Iravani et al., 2011). Various part of plants can be used for the metal nanoparticle synthesis and the process is the simplest and most cost-effective (Kalaiarasi et al., 2010).

    Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles.

    1.2 Statement of Problems

    Investigation reveals the challenges of Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles which entails the effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart problems. The pulmonary injury and inflammation resulting from the inhalation of nanosize urban particulate matter appears to be due to the oxidative stress that these particles cause in the cells.

    1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

    The aim of the study is to determine the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

    1. To identify the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles
    2. To carry out a Spectroscopic Analysis of Iron-oxide Nanoparticles (Fe2O3-Nps)
    3. To determine the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes
    4. To evaluate the Iron-oxide Nanoparticles from Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes

    1.4 Significance of Study

    This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

    1.5 Scope of Study

    The study focuses on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes using Iron-oxide Nanoparticles.

    1.6 Limitations of the Study

    During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

    1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
    2. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
    3. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
    4. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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