Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Definition
1.3 types of Soap
1.4 Aim and Objectives
1.5 Statements of Problems
1.6 Hypothesis
1.7 Significance
1.8 Limitation of this Study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Sources of Wood Ash for Local Manufactures
2.2 Synthetic Method for Caustic Soda
2.3 The Solvay Process
2.4 Liblance Process
2.5 Chemistry of alkali
2.6 Effect on Soap Manufacture

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology
3.1 Sample Collection
3.2 Field Experimentation
3.3 Areas Expected to Cover in Lab
3.4 Fabrication of Equipment for Extraction
3.5 Ignition of “NGU”
3.6 Extraction Procedure
3.7 Crystallization and Re-crystallization Process, Using Distillation Apparatus
3.8 Determination of the PH Sample
3.9 Physical Examination and Tests
3.10 Determination of Caustic Strength of Solution
3.11 Extraction of Caustic Different Digestion Time

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Presentation of Results
4.1 Presentation of Results for Extraction Styles of Caustic From Ash and Preliminary Test on Sample
4.2 Titration Reading for the Determination of Caustic Strength of Sample
4.3 How to Prepare 0.2ml HCL
4.4 Result of Preliminary Test and Titration
4.5 Qualitative Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion of Results and Conclusion
5.1 Ashing of Wood
5.2 Extraction of Caustic from Ash
5.3 Determination of PH and Caustic Strength of the Caustic Solution
5.4 Qualitative Analysis
5.5 Conclusion
5.6 Recommendations
5.7 Summary

REFERENCES

Defense Procedure for Science Laboratory Technology Researchers

Be Intentional About Your Research Preparation in Context – As a student of Science Laboratory Technology defending a project or seminar on Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials, you are expected to be thoroughly acquainted with your research. The defense process follows a structured format where you present your work, respond to questions, and demonstrate its relevance. Here’s a general guide to the defense procedure:

Introduction: Begin with a concise introduction of your research topic, highlighting its significance and the research objectives. This helps set the context for the audience and the External Examiner, allowing them to grasp the scope of your work. Before you step up to defend, ensure that you are familiar with your research abstract and the key components of Chapter One, including the motivation behind your study, the problem statement, the aims and objectives, as well as the scope and significance. For Chapter Two, it is advisable to reference at least two citations from the literature review. In Chapter Three, be prepared to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques you employed in your research. Moving to Chapter Four, you must justify your work and explain how your findings align with the objectives of your research.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Wrap up your defense by summarizing the study and offering well-grounded recommendations based on your findings.

Dress Code: Professional attire is an essential component of your final-year research defense. Wearing a suit and tie, for example, can create a positive impression and boost your overall presentation without you having to say a word.

Question and Answer Session: The External Examiner will ask questions based on your research. If you encounter a difficult or unrelated question, respond respectfully with, "Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study". Whenever possible, answer questions by referring directly to your research findings.

Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT