This page presents an excerpt of the available research material, including the Preliminary Pages, Table of Contents, Abstract, Chapters One to Five, and References. It provides a comprehensive overview of the study, enhancing readability and accessibility for students, and researchers seeking complete material on “Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials”.
I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.
Preparation of Local Soap involves the se of wood ash from the flowering plant of Daniello, Oliveri (Agba) Isoberllima doka (Achi), Parkia Clappertonwna (Ugba) and Eleasis guineensis (Nkwu) as the source for the caustic alkali were compared for performance. The woody tissue of the local trees were burnt at the temperature of 250 ” 700oc for a period of 3½ — 4 hrs. But the optimum temperature for maximum extraction of the alkali from the ash is 600oC for a period of 45 ” 1hr 30 min. Caustic alkali free from impurities was obtained by leaching the ash with water in a special fabricated filtrations apparatus. And this by hot process by which the filtrate was decanted to another container and filtered through a filter paper placed inside the funnel for filtrations and the presence of Alkali was tasted by the action on litmus paper. Change of damp red litmus paper to blue.
Recall that soap is manufactured by the alkaline hydrolysis reaction called saponification, which is the reaction of fats and oils with alkali.
C3H5 (COOR)3 + 3kcoH 3kOOCR + C3H5(OH)
FatAlkali Soap Glycerine
So, according to the results, the filtrate obtained were found to be very daliguisenat. And the result of the influence of the alogestion on the PH showed that the longer the ash remained in water, the lighter the pH. So the result of soap produced was found to be free from impurities and has the ability to foam well and the soap produced was found to be market worthy and consumer oriented.
1.1 Introduction
… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…
