1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
The construction industry has recently witnessed a paradigm shift from traditional paper-based method of service delivery to electronic information exchange using Information Technology (IT), at least in the western world like UK. It is now evident that the adoption of Information Technology can enhance construction productivity and improve communications for effective decision-making and coordination among construction participants. The ability of the industry to avail itself of technology depends on the level of usage by construction participants including the Quantity Surveyor (QS) who plays a major role in the management of project success determinants, such as cost, time and quality.
It is apparent that we live in a dynamic world characterized by incessant technology change. The explosive growth of information and communication technology (ICT) otherwise shortened as information technology (IT) has had unquantifiable impact on business systems and processes (Rivard et al., 2004).
Advancement in information technology has made possible fundamental changes in the method of practice in all businesses and industries although at different levels (Li, 2000). The global acceptance and widespread adoption has accelerated the dimensions of competition not only among organizations globally but among professions locally (Hampson and Tatum, 1994).
The construction industry with the aim of leveling their colleagues in other industries have embraced the use of information technology such as internet, computing, telephoning, satellite communication and electronic mailing to perform most, if not all of their activities (Ibidapo, 2000). The quantity surveyors' ability to avail themselves of these emerging opportunities provided by the advent of information technology depends on the adoption of new technologies (Castle, 2002).
There is quite a lot of development in all areas of computer application to the industry. Of note are the expert systems, artificial intelligence, knowledge-base systems (KBS), artificial neural networking (ANN), robotics and computer aided design (Arif and Karam, 2001).
Rivard et al. (2004) opined that the evolution of information technology will have a profound impact on how organizations in the architectural, engineering and construction industry operate in the way other industries such as manufacturing and banking have adopted and benefited from long ago. He noted that this is already the case in many of the developed countries around the world.
In lieu of this, Honey (1998) reported that the turn of the last century has seen a reduction in paper-based operation in quantity surveying (QS) offices in UK while electronic led-processes are leading to less dependence on taking-off sheets and other ancillary stationery.
The quantity surveying profession in Nigeria has experienced significant changes over the past decade in terms of the scope and type of services provided within the construction industry (Oladapo, 2006). These changes have occurred primarily in response to changing industry/client demands, information technology developments, increased levels of competition for services and the vital role of the quantity surveying in achieving improved service delivery. Moreover, given the increasingly global nature of construction industry obstinate by extremely high levels of domestic competition and resultant low profit margin levels, there is no doubt that the construction industry has to improve its information flow and project delivery mechanism (Wager, 1998). Thus, as information flow increasingly become electronic, quantity surveying computing facilities, software and databases will need to develop in a compatible manner.
Nigerian quantity surveyors will need to adapt to changes in work patterns to improve their efficiency and develop new markets to maintain competitive advantage and enhance profitability through the adoption of IT. In summary, the Nigeria construction industry in general and the quantity surveying profession in particular are facing the challenges of effectively utilizing the rapid expanding technological environment in which it operates to its full advantage (Oyediran and Odusami, 2004).
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that advancement in technology and evolution of information technology as dramatically change the way business is conducted by various professionals. It has reduced the cost of services, reduces labour and saves time.
The quantity surveying profession is not left behind; they have also embraced the use of this advanced form of technology in delivering their services. The researcher is therefore examining the effect of this technology in the field of quantity surveying and how it affects cost, labour and time.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of technology in the field of quantity surveying and how it affects cost, labour and time. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To examine how technology affects cost, labour and time in the field of quantity surveying;
- To examine the effect of technology in the field of quantity surveying; and
- To examine the factors limiting the use of technology in the field of quantity surveying.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the effect of technology in the field of quantity surveying?
- How does technology affects cost, labour and time in the field of quantity surveying?
- What are the factors limiting the use of technology in the field of quantity surveying?
1.5 Significance of Study
The outcome of this study will educate the stakeholders in the quantity surveying profession on the effect of technology in the field of quantity surveying with particular focus on how it affects cost, labour and time.
This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student's academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.
1.6 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the effect of technology in the field of quantity surveying and how it affects cost, labour and time.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, there were some problems encountered which stood as limitations to the research work. Some of the limitations include:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
- Initial Cooperation Delay from Respondents: A particular limitation of this work came as a result of the respondent refusal to offer their cooperation at the initial time they were contacted. This contributed in making the success of this research study difficult.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Technology:
It is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. In quantity surveying, this includes software, hardware, and digital tools that enhance the efficiency and accuracy of cost estimation, project management, and resource allocation (Oxford Languages, 2024).
Quantity Surveying:
A profession within the construction industry concerned with managing and controlling costs, from the initial calculations to the final figures. Quantity surveyors ensure that building projects are completed within their projected budgets (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 2024).
Cost:
The amount of money required to complete a project, including materials, labor, equipment, and overheads. Effective cost management in quantity surveying involves accurate estimation, budgeting, and monitoring of project expenditures (Project Management Institute, 2024).
Labour:
The human workforce involved in the construction process. In quantity surveying, labor refers to the management and allocation of human resources to ensure tasks are completed efficiently and within budget (Business Dictionary, 2024).
Project Time:
The duration required to complete a construction project. Effective time management in quantity surveying involves scheduling, monitoring progress, and ensuring timely completion of tasks to avoid delays and additional costs (Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2024).
