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Transmission of Monkey Pox Virus on Animal and Humans in Nigeria

Transmission of Monkey Pox Virus on Animal and Humans in Nigeria

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Transmission of Monkey Pox Virus on Animal and Humans in Nigeria” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Animal Science for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Transmission of Monkey Pox Virus on Animal and Humans in Nigeria provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.3 Purpose of the Study
  • 1.4 Significance of the Study
  • 1.5 Research Questions
  • 1.6 Delimitations of the Study
  • 1.7 Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

Review Of Related Literature

  • 2.0 Review of Related Literature
  • 2.1 Concept of Monkey Pox
  • 2.2.1 History of Ebola Virus Disease
  • 2.2.2 Causes and Transmission Mode of Monkey Pox Virus Disease
  • 2.2.3 Signs and Symptoms of Monkey Pox Virus Disease
  • 2.2.4 Cases of Specific Monkey Pox Outbreak and their Description
  • 2.2.5 Preventive Measures against Monkey Pox Virus
  • 2.2.6 Medication and Treatment of Monkey Pox
  • 2.2.7 Various Awareness Campaigns against Monkey Pox Virus Disease in Nigeria
  • 2.7 Empirical Studies
  • 2.8 Theoretical Framework

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Area of the Study
  • 3.3 Research Design
  • 3.4 Population of the Study
  • 3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique
  • 3.6 Research Instrument
  • 3.7 Validation of the Instrument
  • 3.8 Data Collection Technique
  • 3.9 Data Analysis Technique

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation, Analysis And Discussion

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Data Presentation
  • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion And Recommendations

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1 Restatement of the Problem
  • 5.2 Summary of Findings
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendations
  • 5.5 Suggestions for Further Research

REFERENCES

APPENDIX



Transmission of Monkey Pox Virus on Animal and Humans in Nigeria


1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. CDC. (2015) Symptoms begin with fever, headache, muscle pains, swollen lymph nodes, and feeling tired.[1] This is then followed by a rash that forms blisters and crusts over.[1] The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is around 10 days.[1] The duration of symptoms is typically 2 to 5 weeks. CDC. (2015).

Monkeypox may be spread from handling bush meat, an animal bite or scratch, body fluids, contaminated objects, or close contact with an infected person. Hutin, Williams, Malfait P (2001). The virus is believed to normally circulate among certain rodents in Africa. Diagnosis can be confirmed by testing a lesion for the viruses DNA.[3] The disease can appear similar to chickenpox.

The smallpox vaccine is believed to prevent infection. McCollum, and Damon, (2003) Cidofovir may be useful as treatment.[4] The risk of death in those infected is up to 10%.

The virus can spread both from animal to human and from human to human. Infection from animal to human can occur via an animal bite or by direct contact with an infected animal's bodily fluids. The virus can spread from human to human by both respiratory (airborne) contact and contact with infected person's bodily fluids. Risk factors for transmission include sharing a bed, room, or using the same utensils as an infected patient. Increased transmission risk associated with factors involving introduction of virus to the oral mucosa. Kantele A, Chickering K, Vapalahti O, Rimoin AW (2016) Incubation period is 10—14 days.

Prodromal symptoms include swelling of lymph nodes, muscle pain, headache, fever, prior to the emergence of the rash. The rash is usually only present on the trunk but has the capacity to spread to the palms and soles of the feet, occurring in a centrifugal distribution. The initial macular lesions exhibit a papular, then vesicular and pustular appearance. Kantele A, Chickering K, Vapalahti O, Rimoin AW (2016).


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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Defense Procedure for Animal Science Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Transmission of Monkey Pox Virus on Animal and Humans in Nigeria, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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