1.1 Introduction
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also referred to as drones, are aircraft with four motors mounted at the end of the frame construction. Four rotors, fixed at the end of the frame construction, make up a drone. While the remaining two rotors revolve anticlockwise, the frame's arms rotate in a clockwise motion. Additionally, drones' distinct architecture from that of conventional helicopters provides a more stable platform, which makes them perfect for applications like aerial photography and surveillance. Additionally, in recent years, it has become increasingly popular in UAV research. Depending on the direction of motor action, drones are classified into two categories: plus and X configuration. This chapter will provide the background information that lead to the research's inception, the challenges that prompted the study, its aim, and its objectives as a preface to future study sections. The others include the study's significance, its scope, its limitations, and a definition of terms.
1.2 Background of Study
The first Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was invented in 1916 by Americans Lawrence and Elmer Sperry. The automated steering was a first for the aircraft. The "Aerial Torpodo" UAV was subsequently created for military use. Its mission was to deliver an explosive payload. The Cold War and the Vietnam War both saw the usage of UAVs after that. in the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the United States had effectively utilised them. After it, a lot of advancements were achieved in the military UAV field (Kenzo, 2007).
In the 21st century, Drone technology is mostly employed in military and defence contexts in today's nuclear world. The use of drones for military applications is expanding quickly. These little gadgets are 200 feet above the earth in the air. This height range differs depending on the device and the intended use. This range is available in kilometres, metres, and feet. The duration of flight for these intelligent gadgets differs amongst them as well (Biddlecombe, 2009; Butler, 2006).
The use of UAVs is essentially limitless. To get the most out of them, a great deal of study is being done. Currently, a large number of businesses produce drones that enthusiasts buy. They provide a variety of drone types that are appropriate for their intended uses.
The UAV rotors, which rotate the propellers and provide lift, are powered by batteries. To stay in the air, flight controllers employ gyroscopes, accelerometers, barometers, magnetometers, and data gathered by controllers. Other significant components that improve drone performance are software, cameras, obstacle recognition and avoidance, GPS, and cameras. An infrared camera, landing gear, motor, accelerometer, altimeter, connection, and rotor are all features of a drone. A drone may be thought of as a flying robot. Typically operated by a specialized remote control, aeroplanes are capable of handling all aspects of flight operations due to sophisticated software (Flying Magazine, 1966). Numerous functional onboard sensors, such as GPS, aid in determining the appropriate flying mode (Deepika et al., 2019). Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the design process of 2WD Vehicle Drone Air + Land Surveillance.
1.3 Statement of Problems
An investigation showed that in order to fully realize the promise of this technology, regulatory issues relating to the transfer of drones from their original use in land surveillance applications to their integration in civilian contexts have arisen. Drones used for land surveillance have difficulties transporting heavier and bigger payloads, which restricts the equipment that they can carry for field surveys.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to design a 2WD Vehicle Drone Air + Land Surveillance. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To construct a 2WD vehicle drone that can work on rough terrains; and
- To design a drone that can operate as a Drone as well as Land robot.
1.5 Significance of Study
The outcome of this study will optimize the benefits of drone technology and address significant problems. Drone technology has the potential to significantly increase safety, accuracy, and productivity in a variety of sectors. Furthermore, this study may be utilized by non-researchers to expand on their own research endeavours and will be of great use to fellow researchers seeking to learn more about it. This research adds to the body of knowledge and may help direct future investigations.
1.6 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the design and construction of a 2WD Vehicle Drone Air + Land Surveillance.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection.
