1.1 Introduction
In any nation with security challenges, governance and economic growth are threatened. The current insecurity situation of Nigeria is deplorable as lives are lost on daily basis, businesses are in comatose settlements are displaced, investments are constrained, while people live in fear amid abject poverty due to low productivity and rising unemployment. Bombings especially in the Northern part of Nigeria have posed serious challenges and threat to the peace and stability of Nigeria macroeconomic environment (Ajufo, 2013).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
The effects of insecurity on a nation’s economy are damaging. A nation in undated with corruption cannot be viable economically; neither can the system generate enough support/ affection required for the survival of democratic system. This is a situation in Nigeria where corruption has become part and parcel of the political culture. Corruption has indeed robbed Nigerians the benefit of economic development because scarce available resources that should have been deployed to execute development project have gone into private foreign accounts.
Corruption is widespread in Nigeria, not because the people are different from other parts of the world, but because the conditions are ripe for it. There are many reasons why this is so. The motivation to earn income from among the populace is relatively stronger; exacerbated by poverty, unemployment and low wages. In many developing countries Nigeria inclusive, accountability is generally weak. Political competition and civil liberties are often restricted. Laws and principles of ethics in governance are poorly developed and the legal institutions charged with enforcing them are ill-prepared.147,148.
The incidence of June 2011 bombing of the Nigeria Police Force Headquarters as well as September bombing of United Nations building in Abuja has been seen by many as a daring assault not only on the nation’s intelligence but as pointer to the fact that no one is safe.
The general state of insecurity in Nigeria presently lends credence to the report that kidnapping is an offshoot of the Niger Delta crisis. This insurgency has thrown a huge cloak of insecurity not just over the entire south-south geopolitical zone, but also the southeast, and southwest. Kidnapping gangs have made the two zones their haven. Noperson is spared in this new wave of crime that seems to have supplanted armed robbery and other non-contact crimes. However, the security challenge this poses to the state of Nigeria is better understood against existing evidence that even government officials and traditional rulers are not spared.
This has led to some of these officials relocating their families outside the geopolitical zone or outside the country. What the current trend of violence is imprinting on the psyche of Nigerians is that the government security apparatus is incapable of guaranteeing the safety and security of its people. This would, therefore, impact on the human security of the people as the situation promotes fear, while at the same time limiting the peoples’ ability to develop economically. The state’s capacity to attract investors becomes limited as a result of the insecurity. Okolo,B. The State of Insecurity in Nigeria.
Therefore, in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Vulnerability and Socio Economic Effects of Insecurity.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
The increase wave of violence of terrorism, insurgency, arms trafficking, kidnappings, arm robbery, ethnic crisis etc constitutes a devastating threat to the security of lives and property of the citizenry. This research intends to investigate Vulnerability and Socio Economic Effects of Insecurity to national development.
The problem of unemployment is adding to the strength of poverty in the country and both are growing stronger (Daniel, 2013). Ajufo (2013) stated that unemployment and poverty has been a major problem giving rise to criminal tendency in the youths and threatens the social economic peace and stability of the country. In Nigeria, despite the impressive economic growth over the last 10 years, unemployment and the incidence of poverty has worsened (Bulgarian, 2014).
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to assess the Vulnerability and Socio Economic Effects of Insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To appraise the nature of insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State.
- To determine the causes of Socio Economic insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State
- To determine the effect of Socio Economic insecurity on national development in Nigeria
- To determine measures to mitigate and eliminate Socio Economic insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the nature of insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State?
- What are the causes and effect of insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State?
- What are the measures to mitigate and eliminate insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: The level of national development in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State is low
- H1: The level of national development in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State is high
Hypothesis Two
- H0: The level of insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State is low
- H1: The level of insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State is high
Hypothesis Three
- H0: The effect of insecurity on national development in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State is low
- H1: The effect of insecurity on national development in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State is high
1.7 Significance of Study
The study shall provide an analysis of the nature, causes, Vulnerability and Socio Economiceffect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria with a view to determine measures to mitigate and eliminate the trend. The study will also serve a veritable source of information on issues of insecurity and national development in Nigeria.
1.8 Scope of the Study
The study is focused on assessing the Vulnerability and Socio Economic Effects of Insecurity in Musawa and Matazu L.G.A. of Kastina State.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.10 Definition of Terms
Threat: Fay (2007); states that threat is any circumstance of event with the potential to cause harm to a system in the form of destruction, disclosure, modification of data or denial of service. This suggest that threat may be in deed or word and it includes activities that constitute danger, risk, hazards and menace which are capable of intimidating an individual.
Development: ROGER (1976) describe development as the type of social change in which new ideas are introduce within a social system to produce higher capital incomes and levels of living through more production, Method and improved social organization
