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Biochemistry of Gout

Biochemistry of Gout

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-18919-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "Biochemistry of Gout" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Biochemistry, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION


CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

  • 3.1 Introduction

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Results
  • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

Gout is a systemic disease caused by excess uric acid as the result of deficient purine metabolism. Clinically, gout is marked by peripheral arthritis and painful inflammation in joints resulting from deposition of uric acid in joint synovia as monosodium urate crystals. The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Biochemistry of Gout in Amakohia community, Imo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to discuss gout arthritis and the health of the aged, identify Biochemistry of Gout, and assess the effect of gout arthritis on the aged in Amakohia community, Imo State. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. Research has shown that Biochemistry of Gout conditions are contributors to illness, pain and disability and highly prevalent, they place a significant burden on the community. It accounts for a large number of deaths among adults especially the ageing or those whose lifestyle is sedentary. The research findings will assist Government and Non-governmental agencies in providing facilities such as recreational centers, medical aids to ameliorate disabilities and mortalities due to gout arthritis.


Biochemistry of Gout

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Gout is a systemic disease caused by excess uric acid as the result of deficient purine metabolism. Clinically, gout is marked by peripheral arthritis and painful inflammation in joints resulting from deposition of uric acid in joint synovia as monosodium urate crystals. Although gout is the most common crystal-induced arthritis, a condition known as pseudogout can commonly be mistaken for gout in the clinic. Pseudogout results from deposition of calcium pyrophosphatase (CPP) crystals in synovial spaces, but causes nearly identical clinical presentation.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.


1.2 Background of Study

Gout is a serious condition it happens when the urate crystals deposit urate crystals in the soft tissues or joints High concentration of uric acid level in blood above a normal level is a requirement for the formation of uric acid crystals. In spite of this fact that hyperuricemia is the only the main pathogenic defect in gout, the greatest number of people with hyperuricemia do not experience gout or even form uric acid crystals. In actuality, only 5% of people with hyperuriceamia above 9 mg/dL lead to gout (Dalbeth et al., 2016). In spite of number of effective treatments are available for lowering the blood-urate level [Urate-lowering therapy (ULT)], to overcome or prevent chronic joint damage and frequent gout flares, and insubstantial dosing of ULT are widely Frequent (Sarawate et al., 2006).

Appropriately, it is also a conception that other factors such as genetic predisposition share in the incidence of gout. While environmental factors contribute to hyperuricaemia, renal and gut excretion of urate is central to regulation of serum urate, and genetic factors are important. Diuretics are also used to treat hypertension, for example, and they uplift the blood levels of uric acid and can increase the risk of gout. Stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and liberation of interleukin 1β have crucial roles in beginning of acute gout flares. A "Lowering serum urate by target action" approach is essential for effective management of gout; Lowering the concentration of urate in serum less than 360 μmol/L prompt to dissolution of crystals and it will lead to abolishment of flares. Gout is a inflammatory disease which impact negative effects on body. It may be lethal sometimes. An allopurinol dose-acceleration approach is very powerful for achieving treatment targets, and only a few, new urate-lowering drugs are also available At global level, rates of initiation and continuation of urate-lowering therapy are very low that is why achievement of serum urate targets is limited (Edwards et al., 2011).

Therefore, in Biochemistry of Gout where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Biochemistry of Gout.


1.3 Statement of Problem

Research has shown that Biochemistry of Gout conditions are contributors to illness, pain and disability and highly prevalent, they place a significant burden on the community. It accounts for a large number of deaths among adults especially the ageing or those whose lifestyle is sedentary.

Despite the effort made by relevant professionals like Rheumatologists, Nutritionist occupational therapists and other physicians to curb the occurrence of arthritis, higher incidence of arthritis is still observed. It becomes pertinent to ask if arthritis is obviously not avoidable or controllable. The high incidence of arthritis can be related to poor knowledge of the value of exercise or inadequate nutrition.


1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Biochemistry of Gout in Amakohia community, Imo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

  1. To discuss gout arthritis and the health of the aged.
  2. To identify Biochemistry of Gout in Amakohia community, Imo State
  3. To assess the effect of gout arthritis on the aged in Amakohia community, Imo State

1.5 Research Questions

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

  • Does gout arthritis impact the health of the aged people?
  • Is there any effect of gout arthritis on the aged people in Amakohia community, Imo State?
  • What is the impact of Biochemistry of Gout in Amakohia community, Imo State?

1.6 Significance of Study

The research findings will assist Government and Non-governmental agencies in providing facilities such as recreational centers, medical aids to ameliorate disabilities and mortalities due to gout arthritis.

Finally, findings of this work will also serve as a bed-rock (framework) for further studies by being a handy and standard reference material.


1.7 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Biochemistry of Gout in residence in Amakohia community, Imo State.


1.8 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
  3. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
  4. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.9 Definition of Terms

Arthritis: Is an inflammation of one or more joint.

Adults: Persons who are fully grown and developed.

Effect: Is the result of an action or cause.

Disabilities: A physical or mental condition that limit a person’s movement, senses or activities.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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