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Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas

Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Food and Nutrition for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION


    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES



    Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas


    1.1 Introduction

    A nutritional syndrome is described as an illness triggered on by an imbalance in nutrients, either too much or too little. Consuming excessive amounts or insufficient amounts of foods containing specific nutrients, like vitamins or minerals, can lead to nutritional disorders. Nutritional disorder is the nutrient-related conditions and diseases that cause illness in human. They may include deficiencies or excesses of at least one nutrient in the diet, obesity and eating disorder, and chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus.

    According to GBD (2013), nutrition plays a pivotal role in life and in medicine. Acute and chronic diseases in most organ systems have pronounced effects on food intake and metabolism with increased catabolism, which lead to nutrition-related conditions associated with increased morbidity and eventually death. At the other end of the spectrum, diet is a major determinant of future health, i.e. The absence of disorders like cardio-vascular disease, diabetes, cancer and cognitive disease (GBD, 2013).

    Nutritional disorder can be caused by deficiencies, excesses, imbalances in an individual’s consumption of nutrients (WHO, 2017). Nutritional disorder can be under nutrition or over nutrition (Sufiyan et al., 2012), but in this review, nutritional disorder solely refers to the deficiency of nutrition. One of the major health problem faced by children in developing countries today is under nutrition (Goon et al., 2011; Ubesie et al., 2012 and Mengistu et al., 2013). Under nutrition leads to diseases and death in children, especially in the low and middle income countries (WHO, 2018).

    In order to handle nutritional challenges during disease, trauma, rehabilitation, and elderly care as well as for the nutritional prevention of disease it is essential to use professional language and standard terminology that is founded on evidence and widely accepted in the professional community. However, this is not always the case.

    Under nutrition as nutritional deficiency, refers to any change in the structure or function of body cells and tissues as results of lack of one or more nutrients and or calories in the body. Nutritional deficiencies are of two main types namely:- Primary and Secondary deficiency. The nature and types of deficiency diseases that may occur depends on the type of nutrient the body lacks. The most common deficiency disease is that relating to inadequate protein in diet and general shortage or lack of food thereby resulting in the inability to meet body’s energy requirements. Such, diseases is referred to as protein calorie malnutrition (PCM). This diseases is common in infant and children, especially those below age six where it manifests as either Kwashiorkor (as a result of low intake of protein or deficiency of certain essential amino acid) or marasmus caused by energy and protein shortage (Akinjayeju, 1999).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.


    1.2 Statement of Problems

    Investigation revealed that nutritional disorder leads to diseases and death in children, especially in the low and middle income countries. The negative impacts of nutritional disorder are seen in families and communities in various aspects such as economically, socially and medically (WHO, 2018). Nutritional disorder causes Nigeria billions in lost revenue through reduced economic productivity, days away from work due to illness and money spent on treating ailments (World Bank, 2014).


    1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

    The aim of the study is to assess the Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

    1. To identify some nutritional disorders prevalent in Nigeria in a bid to assess their effects;
    2. To recognize the causes of such disorders; and
    3. To outline the possible prevention of such nutritional disorders.

    1.5 Research Questions

    The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

    • What is the possible prevention of such nutritional disorders?
    • What are the causes of such disorders?
    • What are the nutritional disorders prevalent in Nigeria in a bid to assess their effects?

    1.6 Significance of Study

    The importance of nutritional assessment cannot be over stressed since it serves some useful purposes. When nutritional assessment is properly made, it enables the identification of the nutrient(s) whose supply is adequate or inadequate and makes appropriate decision in relation to the scope of the nutritional supports that is necessary (Akinjayeju, 1999).

    This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.


    1.7 Scope of Study

    The scope of the research is focused on the assessment of the Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas.


    1.8 Limitations of the Study

    During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

    1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
    2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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    Defense Procedure for Food and Nutrition Researchers


    In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Causes and Effects of Nutritional Syndromes in Rural Areas, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


    Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


    Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


    During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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