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Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial activities of fruit extract from Capsicum annuum (chilli pepper) were examined against two organisms namely Staphylococcus aureus andEscherichia coli. These organisms are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria respectively. The antimicrobial property was investigated using disc diffusion method (Sensitive test). The result of the extract prepared with cold water, hot water and ethanol with different concentrations of 50ug/ml, 25ug/ml, 12.5ug/ml, 6.25ug/ml and 3.125ug/ml were obtained as well as the minimum inhibition of 12.5mm, 6.25mm and 6.25mm respectively against Staphylococcus aureus while Escherichia coli has maximum inhibition concentration of 25mm, 12.5mm and 6.25mm using the same concentration as above. Both organisms were inhibited by the extract from chilli pepper.



Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli


1.0 Introduction

Capsicum annuum (chilli pepper) is used as spice in cookery. They are sometimes dried, ground and used for their strong flavour and preservative effect. The two pungent compounds found in Capsicum species which are capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin have antimicrobial effects.

Fresh chilli peppers are very rich in vitamin C: 94mg which makes them very effective as immune system stimulants and healing agents especially for cellular damage. Many fork remedies recommended chilli pepper in wound cleaning preparations for gangrene and open sores and even as styptic, though more modern sources generally advise against using chilli on broken skin. Chillies diminish most of their vitamin C while drying thereby increasing the vitamin A content by 100 times. Vitamin A is a powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. (Anguilar et al., 2010).

Surprisingly, it has been shown that chillies do not aggravate or cause stomach ulcers. In fact they seem to have a preventative effect, as stomach ulcers are mostly caused by bacteria hence chilli's antimicrobial actions kill such bacteria (Rogers, 2008).

Chilli peppers can be very pungent and irritating. The degree of pungency can be adjusted by removing the seeds and white skin (placenta) which is where most of the capsaicin is concentrated.

Chilli peppers are used for other health purposes like headaches, fever, colds, nasal catarrh, high blood pressure, stomach and digestive problems, sore throat etc.

Extraction of the antimicrobial and antioxidant content of chilli pepper can be done by solvent extraction method being the simplest method. This method involves grinding the dried chilli pepper and mixing with an appropriate solvent which dissolves out the essential content of the pepper. Examples of such solvents include: ethanol, methanol, acetic acid and acetone (Duran et al., 2009).

1.1 Statement of Problem

Bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have developed resistance to some antibacterial drug. This lead to the study on the antimicrobial activity of Chilli pepper to know whether it can be used as an alternative therapy for is faction caused by these organisms.


1.2 Objectives

  1. To identify the antimicrobial properties of Capsicum annuum.
  2. To determine the comparative study of Capsicum annuum.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This work will help to unveil the potential use, application and extract from chili pepper to fight against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in food and body systems respectively.


1.4 Scope of Study

This project is based on antimicrobial activity of Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli isolated from clinical sample (wound swab) collected from University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla.


1.5 Limitations of the Study

This work is limited to the study on the antimicrobial properties of chili pepper. There were some difficulties in carrying out this research work which includes financial constrain, unavailability of laboratory equipment and time factor.


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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Defense Procedure for Science Laboratory Technology Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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