1.1 Introduction
Computer Based Youth Rate Monitoring Information System includes the sets of methods that allow us to measure the dimensions and dynamics of youth populations. These methods have primarily been developed to study human populations, but are extended to a variety of areas where researchers want to know how populations of social actors can change across time through processes of birth, death, and migration. In the context of human biological populations demographic analysis uses administrative records to develop an independent estimate of the population. Computerized based spec analysis system estimates are often considered a reliable standard for judging the accuracy of the census information gathered at any time.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background Of The Study
According to Preston (2000), Demography Measuring and Modeling Population Processes, demography is the statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition, and spatial distribution of human populations, and how these features change over time. Data is obtained from a census of the population and from registries-records of events like birth, deaths, migrations, marriages, divorces, diseases, and employment. To do this, there needs to be an understanding of how they are calculated and the questions they answer which is included in these four concepts: population change, standardization of population numbers, the demographic bookkeeping equation, and population composition.
Youth population change is analyzed by measuring the change between one population size to another. Global population continues to rise, which makes population change an essential component to demographics. This is calculated by taking one population size minus the population size in an earlier census. The best way of measuring population change is using the intercensal percentage change. The intercensal percentage change is the absolute change in population between the censuses divided by the population size in the earlier census. Next, multiply this by 100 to receive a percentage. When this statistic is achieved, the population growth between two or more nations that differ in size can be accurately measured and examined.
For there to be a significant comparison, numbers must be altered for the size of the population that is under study. For example, the fertility rate is calculated as the ratio of the number of births to women of childbearing and to the total number of women in this age range (multiplied by 1000). If these adjustments were not made, we would not know whether a nation with a higher rate of births or deaths has a population with more women of childbearing age or more births per eligible woman.
Within the category of standardization, there are two major approaches: direct standardization and indirect standardization. Direct standardization is able to be used when the population being studied is large enough for age-specific rate are stable. Indirect standardization is used when a population is small enough that the numbers of events (births, deaths, etc.) are also small. In this case, methods must be used to produce a standardized mortality rate (SMR) or standardized incidence rate (SIR).
Population composition is the description of population defined by characteristics such as age, race, sex or marital status by Marc, Paul J. (2001): Population Change and Distribution: Census 2000 Brief.
These descriptions can be necessary for understanding the social dynamics from historical and comparative research. This data is often compared using a population pyramid. Population composition is also a very important part of historical research. Information ranging back hundreds of years is not always worthwhile, because the numbers of people for which data are available may not provide the information that is important (such as population size). Lack of information on the original data-collection procedures may prevent accurate evaluation of data quality. With the growth in information technology, the study offers numerous values to the National Population Commission (NPC) Huge files kept in the offices will no longer be there again because information will be stored In the computer system with the help of the database program.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation reveals the problems of the Youth Rate Monitoring Information System existing system, which are as follows:
- The difficulties encountered in keeping youth demographic data and information.
- Miscalculation of youth demographic data/information,
- Difficulties in accessing youth demographic data/information
- Time wasted in searching for a given youth demographic data/information on packed files.
- Time wasted in processing youth demographic data/information
1.4 Aim and Objective of the Study
The main aim of the study is to Design and Implement an Online Youth Rate Monitoring Information System using United Nation Children Fund UNICEF Enugu as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will:
- Provide essential information for government decision making
- Enable people understand their community
- Eliminate gaze work in population census.
- Demonstrate increased motivation to the census workers.
- Ease the work associated with manual method analyzing demographic data/information.
- Eliminate the error involved with the manual method analyzing demographic data/information.
- Save the time wasted when method analyzing demographic data/information.
- Make population council office neat and tidy as a lot of information will no longer be documented on paper but in computer.
- Ensure easy retrieving and updating of demographic data/information.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study is significant in the following ways:
- It will enable management of the UNICEF Enugu to properly maintain record of Youth registration.
- It will facilitate the easy presentation of reports pertaining to Youth monitoring
- The study will serve as a useful reference
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study covers Design and Implementation of an Online Youth Rate Monitoring Information System using United Nation Children Fund UNICEF Enugu as a case study.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
1.8 Definition Of Terms
Automation: This is the use of automation equipment machines to do work that are previously done by people mainly.
Advent: This has to do with the arrival or approach of an important person, event.
Computer: This is an electronic device that accepts, process and sores the processed data as information that may be use for another operator.
Constraints: This is defined as a thing that limits or restricts an individual from processing.
Database: It is a large stores data held in a computer and accessible to a person e.g. individual same, address, sex etc.
Computer hardware: This are those physical peripheries that one can see touch in a computer system and also medical attach to the computer to examine patience body.
Computer software: These are program store in the computer by the manufactures. And more programs can also be stores by the manufactures. And more programs can also be store by the person that bought the computer to be specific task.
Insufficient material: Since the hospital have not introduced the using the computer in previous years. It is very difficult to get necessary material needed to carry out this study and material that are related to online medical system.
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