1.1 Introduction
Heat is made manifest as a result of increase in temperature. Temperature is most often measured environmental quantities which correspond to primary sensations-hotness and coldness. This is due to the fact that most biological, chemical, electronic, mechanical and physical systems are affected by temperature. In many instances, some processes perform better within a range of temperatures. Also, certain chemical reactions, biological processes and even electronic circuits do better within limited temperature ranges. When the needs to optimize these processes arose, the systems used for controlling the temperature within defined limits are then needed. Sensor types include resistance temperature detector (RTD), thermocouple and thermistor. Each type has advantages and disadvantages (Globalspec, 2021).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Temperature is most often measured environmental quantities which correspond to primary sensations-hotness and coldness. This is due to the fact that most biological, chemical, electronic, mechanical and physical systems are affected by temperature. In many instances, some processes perform better within a range of temperatures. Also, certain chemical reactions, biological processes and even electronic circuits do better within limited temperature ranges. When the needs to optimize these processes arose, the systems used for controlling the temperature within defined limits are then needed.
The temperature sensors are often used in providing inputs to those control systems. However, in the case of too much exposure of some electronic components to high extreme temperature, there will be an advance effect on them which can lead to he damage of the components. Though, some of the components can even be affected and get damaged by low temperature values. Semiconductor devices as well as LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) can be affected and get damaged by temperature extreme. As the temperature threshold get exceeded, an immediate action should be taken so as to prolong the lifetime of the system. In these, temperature sensing helps to improve the reliability as well as the lifetime of the system.
The temperature sensors are often used in providing inputs to those control systems. However, in the case of too much exposure of some electronic components to high extreme temperature, there will be an advace effect on them which can lead to he damage of the components. Though, some of the components can even be affected and get damaged by low temperature values.
Semiconductor devices as well as LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) can be affected and get damaged by temperature extreme. As the temperature threshold gets exceeded, an immediate action should be taken so as to prolong the lifetime of the system. In these, temperature sensing helps to improve the reliability as well as the lifetime of the system.
Most temperature monitoring devices are designed to respond to a particular (critical) temperature level. They are usually incorporated with different kinds of alarms and light indicator units, which are triggered ON at an unacceptable temperature level. These temperature monitoring devices work with temperature sensors normally transducers which generate accurate voltage output that varies linearly with temperature. They are mainly used for monitoring industrial machines, electric boilers, ovens and other heat energy related activities and this can be done by ensuring the temperature sensor and its leads are at the same temperature as the object to be measured. This usually involves making a good mechanical and thermal contact.
If the temperature sensor is to be used to measure temperature in liquid, the sensor can be mounted inside a sealed end metal tube and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. Temperature sensors provide inputs to those control systems. When temperature limits are exceeded, action must be taken to protect the system. In these systems, temperature sensing helps enhance reliability. In modern electronics, more temperature measuring techniques are available. Several temperature sensing techniques are in widespread usage.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to examine the Construction and Application of Heat Sensor.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that the heat sensor is very important in the determination of temperature variation in our environment; it is mostly used in the hospital, heavy construction industries and petroleum industries. Despite the contribution, there are some limitation, which include; the inability to be use in all fields (health and manufacturing purposes).
Another problem is the problem of cost of manufacturing and maintenance. Lastly there have been several studies on temperature but not even a single study have been carried on the Construction and Application of Heat Sensor; hence a gap in literature.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the Construction and Application of Heat Sensor. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To examine the temperature range in various heat sensors;
- To examine heat transfers in microprocessors;
- To determine the fundamentals of heat transfer;
- To examine the components of heat transfer sensors; and
- To determine the favourable environmental condition for heat sensors.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the temperature range in various heat sensors?
- How does heat transfer in microprocessors?
- What are the fundamentals of heat transfer?
- What are the components of heat transfer sensors?
- What is the favourable environmental condition for heat sensors?
1.6 Significance of Study
The study on the Construction and Application of Heat Sensor will be of immense benefit to the entire institution, the department, the students and other researchers that wishes to carry out similar research on the above stated topic as the findings of the research work is education people on fundamentals of heat sensors and also the experimental effect of the application of the heat sensor. The study finally will contribute to the body of the existing literature on the Construction and Application of Heat Sensor.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the Construction and Application of Heat Sensor. The study will cover the fundamentals of heat sensors and also the experimental effect of the application of the heat sensor.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.8 Definition of Terms
Heat: Heat is the amount of energy flowing from one body of matter to another spontaneously due to their temperature difference, or by any means other than through work or the transfer of matter.
Sensor: A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment
Microprocessors: an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer
