1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Federal character system in Nigeria and it management has general lot of controvert among people who have been divided in their opinion about it.
Professional believed that for effective administration, merit should be the basis for employment admission, allocation of resources either, but it merit is use as the 0nly basic in pursuance of government program and government will be disadvantage in attempt to forestall this, and protect the sundry affected in public administration of the government, the principle of federal character was introduced.
Nigeria is indeed a country with many ethic diversities, culture and social dimension and laughter created the problem of federal character instead of the stated or local government area that make up a state to be given a sense of belonging and be adequately represented in Nigeria civil service (Nnabi 1978) more over federal character principle came up as a result of the struggle for the control of groups.
Federal character purse, is a device or an institutionalized strategy to transcend (go beyond the unit if primotal value and loyally of segmented) communities of Nigeria) it is a way of accommodation and in-grating the various ethic group in the country in the main stream of government, it can be the struggle for its control crests and intensities tension among the ethic group because political leaders in office use it to transfer resources to the co-ethic homeland in much to the dissatisfaction of other ethic group.
Again lacks of trust and selfness have often leaded to ethic violence and war. If this is not trial, what can we say about the recent violence and the killing between MODEKEKE, and IFE communities of ISHEKIRI, and UROHOBO, it has also happened in some state like BAYELSA, TARABA and IMO STATE. It is believed however that the introduction of the federal character system, was only mint to solve this problem of ethic wars created harmonious relationship to people from different ethic and equal opportunity in public place.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
By dividing Nigeria citizen into indigenes and non-indigenes, not of Nigeria but of individual state for purposes of participation in natural institution, institution, it has disenfranchised a growing number of Nigeria citizen.
Federal character is hurting the Nigeria dream and ulen not contributing to the decay of the society since merit is not the criteria that area used to judge Nigeria action, it is tribe, religion and social class that determine what an individual get these create a number of problem to technological development some of these problem in include the following.
— Disenchantment with the system: When a person is denied a job, the he is fifty qualified for the guise or alter of federal character, her wouldn't be happy with the system, this ultimately lead to brain drain, a situation where these qualified professional leave the nation in the drove to other countries when manpower is depleted in such manner their want be any technical development
— There is no alienation of federal character principle from good government and peace. When it not well implemented and some tribe feel under represented any leader who come from such a tribe will carry put police that would enrich his tribe alone, because he is ethnocentric.
When section of society feel marginalized and under represented, they tend to be caught up with the anti-social behaviours and vandalization. The Nigeria Delta situation is a life example of what poorly implemented federal character policing can vandalized, there can't be technological development.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is centered Nigeria public service.
The objective of this research work include:
- To show that there exist equitable distribution of public officer in the guest to encourage national integration.
- To reveal the equitable distribution of office has nothing to do with mind of our politician, public administration the sprit and sentiment behind the initiating of the principle of federal character.
1.4 Research Question
- What federal character principle?
- Can federal character principle by likened to equitable distribution of the resources produce from all the state?
- What are the aim and objective of initiating federal character principle in Nigeria?
- Has their been any marginalization of some component part of the country by some part in the domination?
1.5 Significant of the Study
The focus of the research work is on federal character principle and national unity in the policy it will certainly contribute to the increasing interest of scholar's in public administration, government and policy and political science to the Nigeria with patriarchal and it's implication for national unity.
The study will be appointing departure to scholar social crit9ics and elite and student if Nigeria public administration and politics that the introduction of federal character principle has exacted the plight of the southern ethnic nationalities.
1.6 Scope of the Study
We can trace the formal emergence and application of the federal character principle in Nigeria to 2004.
However, attempt will be mate to trace the structure of the study explorers the federal character principle as emaciated in the year 1979 and 1989 constitution and its implication for national unit in the policy.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
During the course of study certain problem were envisaged eventually encountered by the researcher which were beyond the researcher reach.
1.8 Definition of Terms
“Federal character principle” this is anchored on the distributive desire of the people of Nigeria to promote national unity foster national loyalty and very citizen of Nigeria a sense of belonging to the nation.
Notwithstanding the diversification of the ethnic federal this term has been looked upon by many scholars from different prospective, but here it destined as a system of government in a given nation exist between at last two or more level of government service its power from the constitution” proof wetter”.
Public service by the constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria it means that service of the federation or state in respect to capacity in government of federation or state.
