Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination of Nigerian Local Drink Kunnu Zaki

Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination of Nigerian Local Drink (Kunnu Zaki)

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-24287-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination of Nigerian Local Drink (Kunnu Zaki)” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Microbiology, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination of Nigerian Local Drink (Kunnu Zaki)” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES

    ABSTRACT

    The study investigates the Heavy Metals Contamination of Nigerian Fruit Juice. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate the presence of metallic impurities and to determine the quantity in these Nigerian fruit drinks, and identify the Microorganism Isolated from Nigerian Fruit Juice. Nine heavy metals were studied in locally prepared drinks, namely, “Zobo” and “Kunnu Zaki”. The samples were prepared from the outer covering (calyx) of the fruits of roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa and cereals (millet or guinea corn), respectively. Twenty samples of “Zobo” coded Zb1-Zb20 and twenty samples of “Kunnu Zaki” coded Kz1-Kz20 were bought from different parts of Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria. The qualitative analysis of the samples was by official methods and were quantitatively analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) were detected in most Zb and Kz samples, while Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Silver (Ag), Mercury (Hg) and Bismuth (Bi) were absent in all the samples. The Fe values ranged from 3.13 to 5.48 mg/L; Cu ranged from 0.12 to 0.62 mg/L, Zn ranged from 0.02 to 0.22 mg/L and Pb ranged from 0.54 to 1.28 mg/L in Zb samples. The Fe values for Kz samples ranged from 18.63 to 31.25 mg/L, Cu ranged from 0.03 to 0.11 mg/L, Zn ranged from 0.08 to 0.39 mg/L and Pb ranged from 0.80 to 1.55 mg/L. The higher values detected in Fe, Zn and Pb for Kz samples compared with Zb samples could be due to the different materials used in their preparation. The implication of the results in public health is discussed. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.

    Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination of Nigerian Local Drink (Kunnu Zaki)

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    Heavy metals are natural elements with atomic number greater than 20, characterized by a relatively high density (at least 5 g cm−3), and are toxic even at low concentrations (Koller et al. 2018). They are characteristically existing components found in changing variation in the environments and are part of human daily activities, they are also found in important structures and in a range of other artificial mixes (Govind et al., 2014). The activities of human have greatly impacted on some heavy metal biochemical cycles and equalization of which a great number of heavy metals have found its use in various items such as cars and batteries (Oyeleke et al., 2016).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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