1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
Historically, computer literacy as a critical component of education and employment can be traced back to the rapid technological advancements that began in the latter half of the 20th century. As computers became more prevalent in workplaces during the 1980s and 1990s, the demand for individuals skilled in computer operations grew significantly. This shift marked the beginning of recognition that computer literacy was essential for various job roles, particularly in office settings (Rogers, 2020). In today's digital age, computer literacy has emerged as a fundamental skill that significantly influences employability, particularly for graduates in office technology and management (OTM). The evolution of workplaces has led to a growing demand for professionals who are adept at using various software applications, data management systems, and communication tools (Adewale et al., 2020).
Office Technology and Management programs are designed to equip students with the essential skills needed to navigate these technological landscapes. However, there remains a significant gap between the skills taught in academic settings and the competencies required by employers (Ihuoma et al., 2020). Many OTM graduates find themselves entering the job market with insufficient computer skills, hindering their ability to compete for available positions (Bawack & Damsang, 2021).
Research highlights that employers prioritize candidates who demonstrate a high level of computer literacy, as these individuals are better equipped to handle the complexities of modern office tasks (Adebayo & Alabi, 2021). Computer literacy refers to the ability to use computer systems and software effectively to perform a variety of tasks, including word processing, spreadsheet management, internet research, and data analysis (Harris & Hutton, 2021). The rapid advancement of technology in the modern workplace has fundamentally transformed the skills required for employment, particularly in office technology and management. Computer literacy, defined as the ability to use computer systems and applications effectively, is increasingly recognized as a vital competency for graduates entering the job market. In an era where digital tools enhance productivity and efficiency, employers prioritize candidates who possess strong computer skills (Bawack & Damsang, 2021). For graduates of Office Technology and Management (OTM) programs, computer literacy is not merely an asset but a prerequisite for securing employment in diverse industries.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the relevance of computer literacy to the employment potentials of office technology and management graduates.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that many graduates are entering the workforce with inadequate computer skills. Research indicates that this lack of proficiency is often due to outdated curricula that do not align with current industry demands (Adebayo & Alabi, 2021). Additionally, there is a perception among employers that the skills taught in OTM programs are insufficient to meet the practical needs of the workplace (Kumar & Kumar, 2020). As technology continues to evolve rapidly, the urgency for educational institutions to update their programs becomes paramount. Failure to address this issue results in a workforce that is not only underqualified but also lacks the confidence to utilize technology effectively, further exacerbating the challenges faced by OTM graduates in securing employment.
Furthermore, inadequate infrastructure limits students' opportunities to develop essential computer skills, ultimately hindering their employability (Ihuoma et al., 2020). Consequently, the effectiveness of OTM programs is compromised, leading to a workforce that struggles to adapt to the demands of a digital economy. It is against the backdrop that this study seeks to address these problems by evaluating the relevance of computer literacy to the employment potentials of office technology and management graduates.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to explore the relevance of computer literacy in enhancing the employment potentials of Office Technology and Management (OTM) graduates. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To assess the level of computer literacy among OTM graduates and its correlation with their employment opportunities.
- To identify the key computer skills that are most valued by employers in the office technology sector.
- To evaluate the impact of educational programs on the computer skills acquisition of OTM graduates.
- To investigate the challenges faced by OTM graduates in attaining adequate computer literacy.
- To recommend strategies for improving computer literacy training within OTM programs to better prepare graduates for the workforce.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the current level of computer literacy among OTM graduates?
- How does computer literacy influence the employability of OTM graduates in the job market?
- Which specific computer skills do employers prioritize when hiring OTM graduates?
- What challenges do OTM graduates face in developing adequate computer literacy?
- How effective are current educational programs in equipping OTM graduates with the necessary computer skills for employment?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
- H0: There is no significant relationship between the level of computer literacy and the employability of Office Technology and Management graduates.
- H1: There is a significant positive relationship between the level of computer literacy and the employability of Office Technology and Management graduates.
1.6 Significance of Study
The findings will provide valuable insights for educational institutions, enabling them to tailor curricula that align with current job market demands, thus improving the quality of graduates entering the workforce. This study will also inform policymakers about the necessity of integrating comprehensive computer literacy training into OTM programs, ensuring that graduates are well-equipped with the skills required by employers.
Additionally, the research will serve as a resource for employers, offering a clearer perspective on the competencies that OTM graduates possess, which will aid in the recruitment process. Furthermore, the study will highlight the challenges faced by students in developing computer literacy, advocating for better resources and support systems within educational settings.
Ultimately, the insights gained from this study will contribute to the overall improvement of employability rates among OTM graduates, promoting economic growth and development in the sector.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the relevance of computer literacy to the employment potentials of office technology and management graduates.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, there were some problems encountered which stood as limitations to the research work. Some of the limitations include:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
- Initial Cooperation Delay from Respondents: A particular limitation of this work came as a result of the respondent refusal to offer their cooperation at the initial time they were contacted. This contributed in making the success of this research study difficult.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Computer Literacy: Computer literacy refers to the ability to use computer systems and software effectively to perform a variety of tasks, including word processing, spreadsheet management, internet research, and data analysis. It encompasses not only basic skills but also the understanding of more advanced technological applications relevant to various fields (Harris & Hutton, 2021).
Office Technology and Management (OTM): Office Technology and Management is an academic discipline that focuses on the development of skills necessary for managing office environments efficiently. This includes training in administrative tasks, information management, and the use of technology to enhance productivity in business settings (Kumar & Singh, 2020).
Employment Potential: Employment potential refers to the likelihood of securing a job in a given field based on an individual's skills, education, and experience. It encompasses factors such as market demand for specific skills, qualifications, and the readiness of graduates to meet employer expectations (Smith & Jones, 2019).
Digital Skills: Digital skills encompass a broad range of competencies related to the use of digital technologies, including the ability to navigate the internet, use software applications, and understand online security and privacy issues. These skills are essential for effective participation in the modern workforce (European Commission, 2019).
