1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
In recent years, the advent of advanced data collection and analysis techniques has further enriched the study of housing quality. The use of geographic information systems (GIS), big data analytics, and participatory research methods has enabled more nuanced and detailed investigations into how residents perceive their living conditions. These technological advancements have provided deeper insights into the spatial and temporal variations in housing quality perceptions, facilitating more targeted and effective policy interventions (Galster & Friedrichs, 2015). The late 20th and early 21st centuries witnessed an increasing emphasis on sustainable and equitable housing. The growing awareness of environmental issues and social disparities brought new dimensions to the study of housing quality. Researchers explored how factors such as environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and economic affordability impacted residents' perceptions (Jacobs & Manzi, 2000). The integration of these factors into housing quality assessments underscored the complexity of residents' experiences and the need for comprehensive evaluation methods.
Gilbert & Ward (2019) asserted that, the quality of housing has long been recognized as a fundamental component of urban planning and public policy, playing a crucial role in determining the overall quality of life for residents. Historically, housing quality has been assessed through objective measures such as structural integrity, availability of basic amenities, and compliance with building codes. However, recent research underscores the importance of subjective perceptions, which capture residents' personal experiences and satisfaction levels (Gilbert & Ward, 2019).
Housing quality refers to the overall condition and functionality of a housing unit and its surrounding environment. It includes both objective factors, such as structural integrity, availability of amenities, and compliance with building codes, as well as subjective factors, such as residents' satisfaction and sense of well-being (Andrews & Warner, 2019). The quality of housing is a critical determinant of residents' overall well-being and satisfaction. It encompasses various factors, including structural integrity, accessibility to amenities, safety, and the broader neighborhood environment. Previous studies have shown that housing quality significantly impacts residents' physical and mental health, social relationships, and quality of life (Smith, 2018).
In the context of urban development, the rapid growth of cities has often led to challenges in maintaining housing quality. Issues such as overcrowding, poor maintenance, and inadequate infrastructure are prevalent, particularly in low-income neighborhoods. These conditions can have detrimental effects on residents' physical and mental health, safety, and social well-being (Evans et al., 2018). As cities continue to expand, it becomes increasingly important to address these issues through comprehensive housing policies that incorporate residents' feedback and perceptions. Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the residents perception on housing quality.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that despite the extensive body of research on housing quality, significant gaps remain in understanding the subjective experiences of residents, particularly in diverse urban environments. Many housing policies and development projects still rely heavily on objective measures such as structural integrity, access to basic amenities, and compliance with building codes. While these factors are crucial, they do not fully capture the lived experiences and perceptions of residents, which are equally important in assessing housing quality (Andrews & Warner, 2019).
One major problem is the persistent disconnect between policy-driven assessments of housing quality and the actual experiences of residents. Official evaluations often overlook subjective factors such as residents' sense of security, social cohesion, and personal satisfaction with their living conditions (Gilbert & Ward, 2019). This discrepancy can lead to the implementation of policies that fail to address the real needs and concerns of the community, resulting in ineffective or unsustainable housing solutions.
Another problem is the lack of attention to the variations in housing quality perceptions among different demographic groups. Factors such as age, income, cultural background, and family composition can significantly influence how residents perceive their housing conditions (Evans et al., 2018). However, many studies and policies adopt a one-size-fits-all approach, neglecting these important differences. This oversight can exacerbate existing inequalities and prevent the development of inclusive housing strategies.
Additionally, rapid urbanization and the increasing demand for housing have led to the proliferation of substandard living conditions in many cities. Overcrowding, poor maintenance, and inadequate infrastructure are common issues that negatively impact residents' quality of life (Hartig & Lawrence, 2020). Despite recognizing these problems, there is often insufficient effort to gather and incorporate residents' feedback into housing improvement initiatives. This lack of resident engagement can result in interventions that are misaligned with the actual needs of the population.
Lastly, the shift towards sustainable housing has introduced new challenges in balancing environmental goals with residents' perceptions of housing quality. While the adoption of green technologies and energy-efficient designs is crucial for sustainability, it is essential to ensure that these innovations do not compromise residents' comfort and satisfaction (Chiu, 2017). It is against the backdrop that this study seeks to address these problems by examining the resident’s perception on housing quality.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to examine the resident’s perception on housing quality. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To evaluate the extent to which current housing policies and development practices align with residents' needs and perceptions;
- To explore the variations in housing quality perceptions among different demographic groups;
- To identify and analyze the key factors that influence residents' perceptions of housing quality;
- To assess the correlation between perceived housing quality and residents' overall well-being; and
- To provide recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and developers on how to incorporate residents' feedback and perceptions into housing projects to enhance living standards and address quality disparities.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Is there relationship between perceived housing quality and residents' overall well-being, including physical and mental health?
- How do current housing policies and development practices align with the perceptions and needs of residents?
- What are the primary factors that influence residents' perceptions of housing quality?
- How do safety and security considerations affect residents' views on housing quality?
- How do residents perceive the structural integrity and maintenance of their housing units?
- To what extent do amenities and infrastructure within housing developments impact residents' satisfaction?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: Residents' perceptions of housing quality are not significantly influenced by the structural integrity and maintenance of their housing units.
- H1: Residents' perceptions of housing quality are significantly influenced by the structural integrity and maintenance of their housing units.
Hypothesis Two
- H0: The availability and quality of amenities and infrastructure within housing developments have a negative correlation with residents' overall satisfaction.
- H1: The availability and quality of amenities and infrastructure within housing developments have a positive correlation with residents' overall satisfaction.
1.6 Significance of Study
The research study of residents' perceptions of housing quality holds significant value for various stakeholders, each benefiting in distinct ways.
- For policymakers, understanding residents' perceptions provides crucial insights into the effectiveness of current housing policies and highlights areas needing reform. This knowledge allows for the development of more responsive and inclusive housing policies that better address the needs and preferences of the community.
- Urban planners and developers benefit by gaining a clearer understanding of the factors that contribute to residents' satisfaction. This understanding can guide the design and construction of housing projects that are more aligned with the desires and requirements of the target population, leading to higher acceptance and success rates of these projects.
- Residents themselves stand to benefit significantly from the incorporation of their feedback into housing policy and development. When their perceptions and experiences are considered, it leads to improved living conditions, enhanced well-being, and a greater sense of community and belonging.
- For researchers, the study offers a rich source of data that can be used to further explore the complex relationships between housing quality, satisfaction, and well-being. It contributes to the academic discourse on housing studies and provides a foundation for future research on related topics.
- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy groups focused on housing and urban development can use the findings to support their efforts in promoting better housing standards and advocating for the rights of residents. The study provides evidence-based insights that can strengthen their campaigns and initiatives aimed at improving housing quality and living conditions for all.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the resident's perception on housing quality using Umuguma Town in Owerri West Local Government Area as a case study.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, there were some problems encountered which stood as limitations to the research work. Some of the limitations include:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
- Initial Cooperation Delay from Respondents: A particular limitation of this work came as a result of the respondent refusal to offer their cooperation at the initial time they were contacted. This contributed in making the success of this research study difficult.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Housing Quality:
Housing quality refers to the overall condition and functionality of a housing unit and its surrounding environment. It includes both objective factors, such as structural integrity, availability of amenities, and compliance with building codes, as well as subjective factors, such as residents' satisfaction and sense of well-being (Andrews & Warner, 2019).
Residents' Perception:
Residents' perception is the subjective evaluation and personal experience of individuals living in a particular housing unit or neighborhood. It encompasses their views on various aspects of their living conditions, including safety, comfort, accessibility, and social environment (Gilbert & Ward, 2019).
Structural Integrity:
Structural integrity involves the soundness and stability of a building's physical framework. It ensures that the housing unit is free from significant defects or hazards that could compromise the safety and habitability of the dwelling (Evans et al., 2018).
Amenities:
Amenities are facilities and features that enhance the comfort, convenience, and enjoyment of residents. These may include utilities (e.g., water, electricity), recreational facilities (e.g., parks, gyms), and services (e.g., schools, healthcare) available within or near the housing development (Hartig & Lawrence, 2020).
