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Soil Physical Characteristics and the Effects on Gully Development

Soil Physical Characteristics and the Effects on Gully Development

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-58-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "Soil Physical Characteristics and the Effects on Gully Development" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Agricultural Engineering (AE), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  1. 1.1 Introduction
  2. 1.2 Objective of the Study
  3. 1.3 Justification of Study

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Soils physical Characteristics
  • 2.2 Erosion and types of Erosion
  • 2.3 Gully Erosion
  • 2.4 Effect of soil Physical Characteristics on the gully development.
  • 2.5 Effect of soil gully on the Environment
  • 2.6 Proposals for the Project

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Description of the Project Area
  • 3.1 Location
  • 3.2 Climatology
  • 3.3 Topography

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

REFERENCES

Soil Physical Characteristics and the Effects on Gully Development

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Soil Physical Characteristics And The Effects On Gully Development. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all the land form. In agriculture soil erosion to as the wearing away of the fields top soil by the natural physical forces of water and wind. The activities associated with farming help particularly tillage. Erosion by water and wind involves three distinct actions:soil detachment transportation and deposition. Posen et al (1999) said that the soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate causing serious loss of top soil, soil compaction low organic matter and loss drainage.

Salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. The physical characteristics of the soil such as structure of the soil, the permeability of soil the shear strength, colour and soil credibility play major roles in soil erosion and degradation. Soil erodibility is the vulnerability of the soil to erosion and it is one of the erosion process. Texture is one of the character is one of principle soil characteristics affecting erodibility while soil structure, organic matter and permeability also contribute immensely on soli erosion.

Generally soil with an increased infiltration rate, higher levels of organic matter and improved soil structure have greater rsistance to erosion (korener 1957) sand, sandy, loam, and loam, textured soil tend to be less erodible than silt, very fine sand and certain day-textured soil. The slope gradient and the length greater roles in erosion process longer the slope of a field the higher the risk for erosion. Soil erosion by water increases due to the greater accumulation of runoff that more as higher velocity on the surface. Consolidation of small slopes lengths with increased velocity of water with permits a greater degree of scouring (carrying capacity for sediment) all these parameter determine the strength of the soil and their ability to resist detachment and soil flow which may result to gully erosion. The nature of the soil affects both soil detachment, transported and deposition.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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