1.1 Introduction
Guava generally known as guava is an average sized tree native to tropical and subtropical countries (Sanda et al. 2011). Also, every part of this plant has been reported to possess a wide spectrum of biological properties such as; antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Adeyemi et al. 2009). Some countries use the leaves as antibiotic in the form of decoction for injuries, ulcers and tooth aches; others use the extract from the leaves in management of diabetes, hypertension as well as gargle for sore throats, swelling of the mouth and laryngitis (Ojewole, 2006).
Phytochemical screening assay of the ethanolic extract of Guava revealed the presence of many rich antioxidants like flavonoid, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and steroid glycosides and findings from toxicological studies in animal models and controlled human studies indicate the safety of the leaves and fruit without any side effects. Due to the presence of antioxidants in Guava and its ability to elicit potential effect in the prevention of degenerative changes, the plant is receiving more attention from researchers (Camarena-Tello et al., 2018).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of terms.
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