1.1 Introduction
Rural development strategies whether they are technocratic, reformist or radical, envisages rural industrialization from the point of economic growth, regional balance and social equity. It is the constructive technical co-efficient, based on their own resource endowments that augment the additional support and determination for a strategy of rural industrialization. Industrialization in rural communities appears to be beneficial in promoting rural development, when the individuals are able to recognize its significance in an appropriate manner. The policies, programs and strategies that are formulated with emphasis put upon the development of rural communities need to ensure that they should not impose any disadvantages, especially regarding the deprived, poverty stricken and economically weaker sections of the society.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
In 1976 a uniform system of local government reforms of 1976 the primary motive is to take development direct from the center to the people at the same reforms (1976:1) describes local government as a tool for rural development. Some of these motive are the conscious attempt of the federal government to involve people in the management of their rural affairs through which the human and material resources of the rural dwellers can be effectively mobilized tapped and advanced into industrialization process.
Since Nigeria started existing as an nation development has been taking place especially in the urban areas. For the fact that man often craves for what is good, it is often that people usually rush to urban areas where there are provision for the comfort and welfare of man by way of social amenities and the infrastructures provision. This exodus of people is necessitated by the fact that rural areas are often neglected on terms of development but those who rush to develop (urban) areas seen to have forgotten that there’s every need to develop the rural area because they are the base, the beginning and also terminals destinations.
Odenigive (1979:4) postulated that the rural subsection of the economy is endowed with abundant nature resource unharnessed for this be increased would require integrating rural people in the rural development exercises through the provisions of small scale industries of different types. He defines industrialization as an integrated process of developing industries that would extract manufacture or convert raw material into finished goods and services, industries that means different thing to different people and circumstances. Pie (1968) stated that industrialization embraces the means by which man controls or modifies his natural environment. It is that great growth enquires change. Industrialization is the major means of people adjusting to environment to satisfy their various need and desire.
Industrialization is of course an application of practical or, mechanical sciences to industry’s commerce, it is a technical know-how, scientific ideas and information, body of knowledge material goods and services capable of being of being systematic and sequential in the generation, communicable and adoptable to application in a given adoptable to application in a given economic, political, social and cultural mile. Against this background, we conclude that industrialization embraces a body of organized knowledge, tools and machines used by man to manipulated his environment to satisfy his basic tool, it is not this platform that the subject matter The Impact of Industrialization on Rural Development was drawn.
In managing rural development, the basic role of management is to plan, organize, direct and control, it is our collective view that managers lead other than plan, manpower rather than direct pattern rather than organize and assess rather than control. The effectiveness of management arises from leadership effort towards the stimultaneous creation of a cooperative and learning organization to facilitate the implementation support rural and national development organization survival and effective utilization of resources for the benefit of mankind.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Impact of Industrialization on Rural Development.
1.3 Statement of Problem
Industrialization is a major development initiative that brings about massive development to a community be it rural or urban. With establishment of an industry the people stand to benefit in the way jobs are created security is provided, infrastructural development arrives and there is a general improvement in the welfare of the people.
In the same vain, the community stand at a risk in being affected in numerous other ways. In Awgu local government area of Enugu state. The citing of a cement factory in Yandev i.e Enugu Cement Company Plc has polluted the land around the cement plant. The pollution in the form of limestone dust has made the land to be in a state where its cultivation for agricultural purpose has become impossible. The dust is seen on trees and grasses around the factory and the fact that grasses are not greenish i.e. a sign of good condition is an indication that cropping activities would not be fruitful.
Government policy is another important factor impacting on the industrial development of Awgu Local Government area of Enugu State. Certain government policies like privatization of government owned properties may bring about massive retrenchment of workers. This was the case when the Enugu Cement Company was privatized to the Dangote Group of companies. The new management opted to import labour from other states thereby neglecting the people who were employed by the former administrations. This affected the workers who were owed heavily and had to cope with being unemployed.
Corruption affects the industrial development of Awgu heavily to officials of companies often syphon finds meant for development of the companies. Enugu Cement Company was bankrupted by poor management by indigenes of the state. Company cars, housing properties shares have been sold for personal use by selfish administrators.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Impact of Industrialization on Rural Development. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To determine the benefits of industrialization to the Awgu Local Government community.
- To find out how lives of people living in Awgu Local Government can be improved through industrialization.
- To find out why Awgu Local Government is not yet industrialized.
- To highlight the methods of encouraging industrialization in Awgu Local Government area.
- To determine the factor limiting rural industrialization development.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Will there be a significant difference in the employment opportunities available when Gboko Local Government is industrialized?
- Will industrialization improve the lives of people living in Gboko Local Government area?
- What are the important of Industrialization development in Awgu local Government Area?
- What are the solutions to the problems facing rural development and industrialization in Awgu local Government Area?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H1: There is no significant factors limiting rural industrialization development
- H1: There is significant factors limiting rural industrialization development
Hypothesis Two
- H0: Industrialization does not promote human and material resources development
- H1: Industrialization promotes human and material resources development
1.7 Significance of Study
This study is beneficial to the society investors, rural dwellers and to the researcher. The study has expanded our knowledge; it has increased our research skills beside the above study was conducted in part of partial requirement for the Award of Higher National Diploma in the Department of Business Administration, Institute of Management and Technology (I.M.T.) on the part of the student we have no doubt that the study would be of immense important to students, who may wish to conduced a future research on the subject matter would service as a resource material coming appreciating the depth of natural resource available in rural setting is developed through Industrialization process, it will bridge the gap in rural − urban emigration.
Finally, the society as a whole stands to benefit from the study. The society is drawn from rural setting developing rural.
Setting implies development the society. The implications being that the society standard of living would in prove, employment will be generated and investment created. Meanwhile policy makers through this study would understand why it is necessary to promote Industrial project they would also understand that the leadership efforts are needed to pioneer industrialization process.
1.8 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is the research boundary the scope is on rural development how it can be managed through industrialization process the focus area is Awgu Local Government Area Enugu State. The study is to identify factors limiting the provision of infrastructures and enabling environment for business to flourish.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Lack of Adequate Date: Adequate data have not been gathered about rural Industrialization nor do we have enough statistics.
- Financial Constraints: This rising cost of living has complicated the cost of embarking on a thorough research work; it is too costly to embark on a thorough research work.
- Problem of Secrecy: Most information meant for public consumption is sometimes tagged secret thereby. Restraining our ability to have all the necessary information or data needed to the subject matter.
1.10 Definition of Terms
Development: This is the level of physical environment, social, political and economic growth or civilization of the people.
Rural Area: This connotes the Interior or remote parts of the local government which the central government wants to develop by creating local government.
Local Government: This the third tier of government within the state charged with the responsibility of development and administration of the people.
Government: This is the agency of the ruling class, which is charged with the responsibility of exercising the state powers on behalf the people.
