1.1 Introduction
A culvert is a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction from one side to the other side. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced Culvert or other material. Culverts constructed in Baleela oil field are two types, corrugated steel pipes installed during the period from 2001 to 2019, and Culvert box culverts constructed after 2014.
Culverts in general are used both as cross-drains to relieve drainage of ditches at the roadside and to pass water under a road at natural drainage and stream crossings. A culvert may be a bridge-like structure designed to allow vehicles or pedestrian traffic to cross over the waterway while allowing adequate passage for the water.
Gravel roads in rural areas are necessary for transportation purposes. As these roads pass over lots of water streams in rural areas, crossing structures such as steel corrugated pipe culvert, Culvert culvert and bridges are needed. The community's development depends on effective road networks and safe crossings. Because of their improper design and poor construction, many water stream structures likely sustain failures and damages from water runoff and large storms (Levine et al., 2013).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
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