1.0 Introduction
Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of highly visible industries beyond manufacturing. Once ubiquitous security light operators have been replaced largely by automated security lighting switchboards and computer programmed sensors.
Critics of automation contend that increased industrial automation causes increased unemployment; this was pressing concern during the 1980s. One argument claims that this has happened invisibly in recent years, as the fact that many manufacturing jobs left the United States during the early 1990s was offset by a onetime massive increase in IT jobs at the same time. Some authors argue that the opposite has often been true, and that automation has led to higher employment.
At first glance, automation might appear to devalue labour through its replacement with less expensive machines, however, the overall effect of this on the workforce as a whole remains unclear. Currently, for manufacturing companies, the purpose of automation has shifted from increasing productivity and reducing cost, to broader issues, such as increasing quality and flexibility in the manufacturing process.
The old focus on using automation simply to increase productivity and reduce cost was seen to be shortsighted, because it is also necessary to provide a skilled workforce who can make repairs and manage the machinery. Moreover, the initial costs of automation where high and often could not be recovered by the time entirely new manufacturing processes replace the old.
Advantages of automation are:
- Replacing human operators in tedious tasks.
- Replacing human in tasks that should be done in dangerous environment.
- Making tasks that are beyond the human capabilities, such as handling too heavy loads, too large objects, too hot or too cold substances or the requirement to make things too fast or too slow.
Disadvantages of automation are:
- Technology limits. Nowadays technology is not able to automate all the desired tasks.
- Initial costs are relatively high.
Controversial factors of automation
Unemployment:
It is commonly thought that automaton implies unemployment due to the fact that the work of a human being is replaced in part or completely by a machine.
Human Being Replacement:
In the future, there is the possibility that the artificial intelligence could replace and improved a human brain and the robots would become not only fully automated but fully autonomous from the human beings.
Security Lighting:
In the field of physical security, security lighting is often used as a preventative and corrective measures against intrusions or other criminal activities on a physical piece of property. Security lighting may be provided to aid in the detection of intruders to deter intruders, or in some cases simply to increase the feeling of safety.
Planning Considerations:
Security lighting may be subjected to vandalism, possibly to reduce its effectiveness for a subsequent intrusion attempt. This security lighting should either be mounted very high, or else protected by wire mesh or tough polycarbonate shields.
An industrial layout is a space of land that has been kept or that is meant for industrial purposes. It could be a proposed site or an already exiting industrial layout. Automation of security lighting network in an industrial layout is very important because it is self-regulating. When it is becoming dark, it turns “ON” automatically and when it is day, it turns “OFF” by itself. Programmed sensors are responsible for this particular automation.
1.1 Objectives of the Study
The objective of this project is to construct an automatic security lighting, which detects lighting network, which detects day and night.
The project, automatic security light is for switching of the security lighting, which comes “ON” automatically when night or any form of darkness arises and when it is day, it switches “OFF by itself. It is the function of the sensor to operate by its method of operation (The LDR).
Advantages:
- The components are readily available in the market.
- The circuit diagram is not complex.
- It gives the student a sound technical knowledge on how to build an automatic lighting.
This material contains electrical diagrams, circuits, illustrations and more (Very detailed)
