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Distribution of Potable Water in Awka Industrial Estate From an Existing Service Reservoir

Distribution of Potable Water in Awka Industrial Estate From an Existing Service Reservoir

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Distribution of Potable Water in Awka Industrial Estate From an Existing Service Reservoir” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Civil Engineering for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Distribution of Potable Water in Awka Industrial Estate From an Existing Service Reservoir provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Objective of study
  • 1.3 Scope of study
  • 1.4 Significance of study

CHAPTER TWO

  • Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Research Design and Methodology
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Source of Data
  • 3.2.1 Industrial Use
  • 3.2.2 Commercial Use
  • 3.2.3 Public Use
  • 3.3 Sample Size
  • 3.4 Data Presentation
  • 3.4.1 Summary

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Water Distribution
  • 4.1 The Distribution Process
  • 4.2 Problems of Distribution process
  • 4.2.1 Easy to maintain
  • 4.2.2 Economy
  • 4.2.3 Potable water
  • 4.2.4 Water for livestock production
  • 4.2.5 Water for food crop production
  • 4.2.6 Environmental impact
  • 4.3 Types of Distribution System
  • 4.3.1 Gravitational Flow
  • 4.3.2 Direct Pumping
  • 4.3.3 Pumping with storage
  • 4.4 System of pipe layout
  • 4.4.1 Dead end System
  • 4.4.2 Dual system
  • 4.4.3 Grid Iron System
  • 4.5 Design and Main and Highlighting pump
  • 4.5.1 Calculation of Suction Head
  • 4.5.2 Calculation of Delivery Head
  • 4.5.3 Design of Highlighting pump
  • 4.5.4 Design of second highlighting pump
  • 4.6 Design of Distribution pipes
  • 4.6.1 Hardy Cross Method of Analysis
  • 4.6.2 Summary of Distribution Network

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5.1 Discussion of Result
  • 5.2 Conclusion

REFERENCES

APPENDIX



ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to design a suitable water distribution network which will adequate satisfy the water demand for Awka Industrial Estate at a Minimum Cost. From the survey questionnaire and literature, water demand for the estate is found to be 1,492,395 litres/ day.The distribution reservoir is located at an elevation of 270m above sea level. In this thesis materials and data have been collected from different agencies and the correct analysis of data used to get parameters for the design of the pipeline network. The method used for the design is the hardy cross method of iteration.



Distribution of Potable Water in Awka Industrial Estate From an Existing Service Reservoir


1.1 Introduction

One of the factors which have traditionally affected sitting of industries and size of human settlements is the availability of potable water. With advances in technology, it is now possible either to pipe in water from a distance or to harness any source of water in the locality.

This research is aimed at achieving an efficient and adequate potable water distribution system for Awka Industrial Estate from a service reservoir. Relevant information and data about this research work are to be sourced from water corporation and ministry of lands, housing and urban development and other agencies within Anambra State.

Potable water has been provided in the service reservoir, where the distribution starts with fixed chlorine concentration and goes into the distribution network to maintain good microbiological stability. Additionally, it is well known that in the network the water is submitted to chemical and microbiological modification.

The objective of the distribution system is to supply water to each house, industrial plants and public places by means of a network of distribution pipes. Each industrial plant and house must be supplied with sufficient water at the desired pressure. The various components of the distribution system are pipes of various. Sizes, control valves, pumps, meters, and hydrants. The plan of the entire distribution area is to be prepared with all details of roads and physiographic features.

The location of pumps and pumping stations, the pump valves and hydrants should be indicated for accurate execution of the distributing system.

The distribution mains are restricted to run along the main street of the estate and individual plot connections are not considered in the designing of the pipeline.


1.2 Objective of Study

An ideal distribution system network should meet up with the following requirements:

a) Pumping by gravity

b) Easy to maintain

c) The layout and the design must be economical

d) To provide an adequate supply of clean potable water for human use.

e) To supply sufficient water for livestock production

f) To provide sufficient water to allow some supplementary food crop production.

g) To cause a minimum environmental degradation as a result of the provision of water.


1.3 Scope of the Study

Awka Industrial Estate is located South East of Awka Urban town. It is along Old Awka —Enugu Old raod when going to Enugu from Awka.

It is bounded by trigonometric stations AN10025, AN10035 and AN10045, the estate is set back 8 (eight) metres away from highway at the Northern part, Obibia and Obizi streams are at the Southern part, them Ring Road to Nibo town at the West and the boundary between Awka and Amansea at the Eastern part. The Estate covers an area of 483.02 hectares with 404 plots within which 372 are industrial plots. The topography is relatively even for a greater percentage (%) of the area. The difference in height from the highest to the lowest point is about 94 metres for a distance of 2.2 kilometer.

Presently there are few industries Existing in this estate like foam, plastic, engine oil and others.


1.4 Significance of Study

The base of all industrial, domestic and commercial activities depends on availability of potable water. Water is highly important for promotion of healthy and good sanitary condition without water, it will be impossible to keep our homes, offices, industries and environment clean.

The socio-economic structure of an industrial Estate, town or nation is to some extent dependent on the water resources available and how it is managed. The establishment of river basin authorities is for effective use of this water in the basin between stakeholders for the benefit of all. Consequently, the importance of water is felt seriously in arid and semi regions of the world where there is little or no source of natural water supply.

Lack of water in any industry or a business venture will lead to a complete hault of the production process. For instance, in a paint or a brewing industry there will be no production if shortage of water is experienced. Lack of water in homes will lead to starvation and promotion of ill-health.

In view of this problems and limitations imposed by insufficient natural water, a scientific and Engineering approach is required to critically study, analyze, design and recommend a suitable and cheap means of providing water for domestic, industrial and commercial use to a community or industrial area.

These problems of how to draw and distribute waters from the source to the consumers is of engineering concern. The problem of fetching water undertaken by individuals with cars and water tanker supply can be greatly reduce in cost and labour, if serviceable water distribution mains are provided.

The need for adequate and well planned water distribution network programme for human continuous existence cannot be over-emphasized provision of safe and potable water, not only for drinking but, also for personal hygiene, improved quality of goods and services, increased productivity in industries should be top in priority if a single programme were to be chosen for maximum public health dividends.


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Distribution of Potable Water in Awka Industrial Estate From an Existing Service Reservoir, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


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