Preparation of Local Soap involves the se of wood ash from the flowering plant of Daniello, Oliveri (Agba) Isoberllima doka (Achi), Parkia Clappertonwna (Ugba) and Eleasis guineensis (Nkwu) as the source for the caustic alkali were compared for performance. The woody tissue of the local trees were burnt at the temperature of 250 ” 700oc for a period of 3½ — 4 hrs. But the optimum temperature for maximum extraction of the alkali from the ash is 600oC for a period of 45 ” 1hr 30 min. Caustic alkali free from impurities was obtained by leaching the ash with water in a special fabricated filtrations apparatus. And this by hot process by which the filtrate was decanted to another container and filtered through a filter paper placed inside the funnel for filtrations and the presence of Alkali was tasted by the action on litmus paper. Change of damp red litmus paper to blue.
Recall that soap is manufactured by the alkaline hydrolysis reaction called saponification, which is the reaction of fats and oils with alkali.
C3H5 (COOR)3 + 3kcoH 3kOOCR + C3H5(OH)
FatAlkali Soap Glycerine
So, according to the results, the filtrate obtained were found to be very daliguisenat. And the result of the influence of the alogestion on the PH showed that the longer the ash remained in water, the lighter the pH. So the result of soap produced was found to be free from impurities and has the ability to foam well and the soap produced was found to be market worthy and consumer oriented.
1.1 Introduction
In this section, Preparation of Soap Using Local Raw Materials is discussed, with relevant and recent citations. As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the aim and objectives of the study. Others are significance of the study, scope of work, research hypothesis and questions, limitation of the study and definition of terms.