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Grassland Erosion Sites Reclamation Procedures A Case Study of ObolloEtiti Udenu Local Government Area Enugu State

Grassland Erosion Sites: Reclamation Procedures

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-6098-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Grassland Erosion Sites: Reclamation Procedures” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Agricultural Engineering (AE), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Grassland Erosion Sites: Reclamation Procedures” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

Grassland Erosion Sites: Reclamation Procedures (A Case Study of Obollo-Etiti, Udenu Local Government Area, Enugu State)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

  • 1.1 Background of the study
  • 1.2 Objectives of the study
  • 1.3 Justification of the study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

  • 2.1 Definition of Gully Erosion
  • 2.2 Classification of gully
  • 2.3 Causes of gully erosion
  • 2.4 Process of gully formation
  • 2.5 Gully reclamation techniques

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology

  • 3.1 Study Area
  • 3.2 Topographic Survey
  • 3.3 Determination of Soil Properties
  • 3.3.1 Grain size distribution
  • 3.3.2 Atterberg limit test (liquid limit determination)
  • 3.3.3. Specific gravity determination
  • 3.3.4 Permeability determination
  • 3.3.5 Direct shear test determination
  • 3.3.6 Dry and bulk densities determination
  • 3.4 Hydrological analysis
  • 3.4.1 Mean annual Rainfall
  • 3.4.2 Intensity duration curve
  • 3.4.3 Run-off determination
  • 3.4.4 Time of Concentration (TC)
  • 3.5 Selection and design of appropriate control structure
  • 3.5.1 Design of Trapezoidal channel
  • 3.5.2 Design of drop structure
  • 3.5.3 Design of discharge outlet structure

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results And Discussion

  • 4.1 Results
  • 4.2 Discussions

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Recommendation And Conclusion

  • 5.1 Recommendation
  • 5.2 Conclusion
  • REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

The incidence of gully erosion in Obollo-Etiti in Udenu Local Government Area of Enugu State has assumed alarming proportions thereby gaining local government recongnition as an ecological disaster.

The aim of this study is therefore to determine and analysis the factors responsible for gully development and with preferring solutions. From my observation, the gully erosion for more than three to four years has been responsible for the loss of farmland, damage of roads, thereby rendering them farmless for varying period of time and loss of livestock which majority of the population depends on for survival.

Congruently, the community have been working on it and even employing indigenous management strategies. However not much progress has been recorded with regard to combating the manace as both community and government carryout intervention measure almost exclusive of each other, with the information gotten is therefore recommends among other things that the management strategies of local government should be harmonized with that of the community with regard for the unique environment and social feature of the study area.

Grassland Erosion Sites: Reclamation Procedures (A Case Study of Obollo-Etiti, Udenu Local Government Area, Enugu State)

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Disaster have been defined and categorized in diverse by various scholars see for instance, Bates (2002). Hugo (2009), Naik (2009) and Keane (2004). Disaster which may occur from natural or man-made processes often involve large scale alternations of the areas they occurs and suffering of a sizeable number of persons. Human responses to disaster vary according to the nature of the disaster.

Advances in science and technology have aided the human race to stop the events, to predict the events and more out of the ways such disasters or discover ways of recovery after the events had taken place. However, some notable disaster which when they occur, death and loss of property usually result include, gas escapes earthquake, chemical spill oil, oil spills, forest fires, coastal floods generally etc. landslide, causes of loss property death and population displacement when they occur in densely-settled area of the world s within Nigeria landslides occur as follows ups from deep gully incision (Mozie 2010). The most devastating gully erosion in Nigeria are found in South Easter Nigeria in the populated Enugu, Abia, Imo and Anambra State and other lesser area is in Auchi in Edo State of Nigeria.

This project discusses the gully erosion control in Udenu Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

  1. To determine the cause of the gully erosion in the Obollo-Etiti, Udenu L.G.A. gully site.
  2. To construct maintain and unrest in the study are unfrustural works like roads, water schemes and gradual transfer of these to benefiting communities to engage in other activities that will increase agricultural production in the soil.
  3. To design appropriate soil erosion control structures for gully erosion site.

1.3 Justification of the Study

The justification of this project work is seen in the aftermath of the gully development, which includes the destruction of the profile and the topography of the area, thereby hindering development around it. The downstream sedimentation is causing damage to the vegetation of area and a kind of sediment transfer to discharge outlet (which may cause pollution) is being seen effected by the overland flow that originates from the watershed. All these problems will be tackled when this work is successfully completed. The justification of this project work is also seen in the earnestness of the control. This is because the cost of reclamation and control is increasing on daily basis due to the continuous deepening of the gully by run off action and detachment by rain drop action.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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