The Challenges of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Organizational Objectives

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

In Nigeria, the adoption of ICT gained momentum in the early 2000s following the deregulation of the telecommunications sector. This period saw a significant increase in internet penetration and the use of mobile technology, enabling organizations to enhance their operations. Despite these advancements, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, high costs of implementation, and limited technical expertise persisted, affecting the ability of organizations to fully leverage ICT for achieving their objectives (Ojediran & Akinola, 2021).

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become a fundamental driver of organizational success in today's digital era. The integration of ICT into organizational operations enhances efficiency, improves communication, and streamlines processes. Organizations leverage ICT to gain competitive advantages, foster innovation, and achieve their objectives effectively (Adewale & Oyedele, 2020). However, despite the transformative potential of information communication technology, various challenges hinder its optimal utilization, particularly in developing economies where technological infrastructure and human capacity are often limited.

Globally, organizations are increasingly reliant on ICT tools such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence to meet operational demands. These technologies are essential in enhancing productivity, automating repetitive tasks, and improving decision-making processes. Yet, Information Communication Technology (ICT) adoption in many organizations encounters barriers such as high implementation costs, resistance to change among employees, and frequent technical failures, which undermine organizational objectives (Oladipo et al., 2019).

In Nigeria, for instance, organizations face peculiar ICT challenges, including unreliable power supply, inadequate training for employees, and cybersecurity threats. These issues often lead to disruptions in operations, reduced productivity, and misalignment with strategic goals (World Bank, 2021). Addressing these challenges is critical to maximizing the benefits of ICT and ensuring that organizational objectives are met.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become a cornerstone for the operations and objectives of modern organizations. The integration of ICT into organizational frameworks is not merely a luxury but a necessity in today's competitive and dynamic environment. ICT encompasses a range of technologies, including the internet, telecommunications, and software applications, all of which facilitate efficient communication, data processing, and operational effectiveness (Adewale & Oyedele, 2020). However, while the adoption of information communication technology offers numerous advantages, it also presents significant challenges that organizations must navigate to align with their objectives.

According to Oladipo et al. (2019), one of the primary challenges is the rapid pace of technological advancement, which necessitates continuous investment in infrastructure and training to remain relevant. Many organizations struggle to adapt to these changes due to financial constraints and a lack of technical expertise (Oladipo et al., 2019). Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Challenges of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Organizational Objectives.

1.2 Statement of Problems

Investigation revealed that the integration of Information Communication Technology (ICT) into organizational operations is a critical factor for achieving efficiency and competitiveness in the modern business landscape. However, the adoption of ICT is fraught with challenges that hinder organizations from fully realizing their objectives. One significant issue is the lack of adequate infrastructure, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where poor internet connectivity and frequent power outages disrupt ICT operations and reduce productivity (Olatokun & Ayanbode, 2020).

Additionally, many organizations, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs), struggle to allocate sufficient resources for ICT investment, which limits their ability to leverage technology effectively (Akanbi & Adewale, 2019). Additionally, the rapid evolution of ICT tools is creating a gap in technical expertise, as employees and management often lack the necessary skills to utilize new systems effectively.

Furthermore, resistance to change is a common barrier, with employees and even management sometimes reluctant to adapt to new ICT systems due to fear of job displacement or unfamiliarity with digital tools. It is against the backdrop that this study seeks to address these problems by exploring the challenges posed by Information Communication Technology (ICT) to organizational objectives.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to examine the challenges posed by Information Communication Technology (ICT) on achieving organizational objectives. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

1. To analyze the impact of information communication technology challenges on organizational performance and productivity.
2. To identify the major information communication technology challenges faced by organizations in achieving their objectives.
3. To explore the effects of financial constraints on the implementation and maintenance of ICT systems.
4. To evaluate the role of employee competence and training in overcoming ICT-related issues.
5. To recommend strategies for organizations to effectively address ICT challenges and align technology use with organizational goals.

1.4 Research Questions

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

• What specific ICT challenges do organizations face in achieving their objectives?
• How can a framework be created to address ICT challenges within organizational settings?
• What are the key design considerations for ICT systems that align with organizational goals and minimize technological disruptions?
• What role does maintaining updated ICT infrastructure play in improving organizational efficiency?
• What strategies can organizations adopt to integrate and sustain ICT solutions that enhance productivity and performance?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.

• H₀1: There is no significant relationship between ICT challenges and the achievement of organizational objectives.
• H₀2: Maintaining updated ICT infrastructure has a positive impact on organizational efficiency.

1.6 Significance of Study

The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the limitations organizations face when adopting ICT systems and will highlight areas requiring strategic improvement. This study will also assist managers and decision-makers in identifying effective solutions for overcoming ICT-related obstacles, thus enabling them to enhance productivity and efficiency.

Furthermore, policymakers will benefit from this research by gaining knowledge that will support the formulation of ICT policies to strengthen organizational performance.

Additionally, the study will serve as a reference point for future researchers interested in exploring ICT and its impact on organizational objectives. It will also guide organizations in maintaining and designing ICT systems that align with their goals, fostering innovation and growth in the process.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study focuses on examining the challenges of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on organizational objectives within the context of Dangote Cement Company in Lagos State, Nigeria. This organization was selected due to its extensive use of ICT in achieving its operational and strategic goals.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, the limitations of this study were tied to various challenges encountered during the research process.

1. Insufficient data was a major obstacle, as some organizations lacked comprehensive records or were unwilling to provide access to relevant ICT-related information.
2. Frequent power failure in the study area was another significant limitation, disrupting the continuity of data collection and analysis activities.
3. The delay from respondents was also a setback, as many participants were not available to provide timely responses to surveys and interviews, which affected the schedule of the study.
4. Financial constraints were a limiting factor, as the resources available for conducting a broader investigation and accessing additional data sources were inadequate.
5. Lastly, time constraints restricted the depth and breadth of the research, as the study period was not sufficient to explore all potential dimensions of ICT challenges on organizational objectives.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Information Communication Technology (ICT):

ICT refers to the use of technologies, such as computers, internet services, and telecommunication tools, to manage, process, and communicate information effectively within an organization. It encompasses hardware, software, and systems that facilitate data sharing and operational efficiency (Dutta & Lanvin, 2021).

Organizational Objectives:

These are the specific goals or targets that an organization aims to achieve within a certain timeframe. They guide strategic planning and decision-making, ensuring that all activities align with the overall mission and vision (Kotler & Keller, 2020).

Challenges:

Challenges refer to the obstacles or difficulties that hinder the effective use or integration of ICT in achieving organizational goals. These include issues such as inadequate infrastructure, high implementation costs, resistance to change, and lack of technical expertise (Turban et al., 2019).

Infrastructure:

Infrastructure, in the context of ICT, includes the foundational physical and digital components such as hardware, networks, and systems that enable the deployment and functioning of information technology within an organization (Chaffey & White, 2018).

Digital Transformation:

This is the process through which organizations leverage ICT to improve processes, enhance productivity, and deliver value to stakeholders. It involves adopting new technologies and adapting organizational culture to embrace innovation (Westerman et al., 2014).